• Arts

    • Arts: General

    • The arts
    • Art
    • Artist

    • Architecture

      • Architecture: General

      • Architecture
      • Sacral architecture
      • Architectural drawing
      • Architectural theory
      • Proportion
      • Landscape architecture

      • Styles

      • Ancient Egyptian architecture
      • Ancient Greek architecture
      • Ancient Roman architecture
      • Baroque architecture
      • Byzantine architecture
      • Chinese architecture
      • Gothic architecture
      • Architecture of India
      • Iranian architecture
      • Islamic architecture
      • Megalith
      • Mesoamerican architecture
      • Architecture of Mesopotamia
      • Modern architecture
      • Neoclassical architecture
      • Postmodern architecture
      • Renaissance architecture
      • Romanesque architecture

      • Specific structures

      • Acropolis of Athens
      • Alhambra
      • Angkor Wat
      • Arc de Triomphe
      • Borobudur
      • Burj Khalifa
      • Colosseum
      • Eiffel Tower
      • Empire State Building
      • Fallingwater
      • Florence Cathedral
      • Forbidden City
      • Great Sphinx of Giza
      • Great Wall of China
      • Hagia Sophia
      • Kaaba
      • Kinkaku-ji
      • Kremlin
      • Leaning Tower of Pisa
      • Machu Picchu
      • Notre-Dame de Paris
      • Palace of Versailles
      • Palace of Westminster
      • Pantheon, Rome
      • Parthenon
      • Sagrada Família
      • Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
      • Great Pyramid of Giza
      • St. Peter's Basilica
      • Statue of Liberty
      • Stonehenge
      • Sydney Opera House
      • Taj Mahal
      • Temple Mount
      • Ziggurat of Ur

    • Cultural venues

      • Cultural venues: General

      • Museum
      • Movie theater

      • Americas

      • American Museum of Natural History
      • Metropolitan Museum of Art
      • Museum of Modern Art
      • National Gallery of Art
      • Smithsonian Institution

      • Asia

      • National Museum of China
      • National Palace Museum

      • Europe

      • British Museum
      • Hermitage Museum
      • Louvre
      • Musée National d'Art Moderne
      • Museo del Prado
      • National Gallery
      • Natural History Museum, London
      • Rijksmuseum
      • Tate Modern
      • Uffizi
      • Vatican Museums

    • Literature

      • Basics

      • Literature
      • Character
      • Superhero
      • Literary criticism
      • Narrative
      • Prose
      • Saga
      • Fiction
      • Children's literature
      • Detective fiction
      • Fable
      • Fairy tale
      • Fantasy
      • Fictional universe
      • Horror fiction
      • Legend
      • Novel
      • Romance novel
      • Satire
      • Black comedy
      • Science fiction
      • Time travel
      • Short story
      • Utopia
      • Non-fiction
      • Biography
      • Diary
      • Dictionary
      • Encyclopedia
      • Essay
      • Thesaurus
      • Poetry
      • Epic poetry
      • Ghazal
      • Haiku
      • Ode
      • Prose poetry
      • Rhyme
      • Sonnet
      • Writer

      • Literatures by language and area

      • African literature
      • Ancient Egyptian literature
      • Ancient Greek literature
      • Arabic literature
      • Chinese literature
      • English literature
      • French literature
      • German literature
      • Indian literature
      • Italian literature
      • Japanese literature
      • Jewish literature
      • Latin American literature
      • Latin literature
      • Persian literature
      • Russian literature
      • Scandinavian literature
      • Spanish literature

      • Specific works of fiction

        • Fiction of antiquity

        • Aesop's Fables
        • The Bacchae
        • The Golden Ass
        • Investiture of the Gods
        • Journey to the West
        • Kādambarī
        • Kathasaritsagara
        • Lysistrata
        • Medea
        • Oresteia
        • Oedipus Rex
        • One Thousand and One Nights
        • Aladdin
        • Panchatantra
        • Romance of the Three Kingdoms
        • The Tale of Genji
        • Water Margin

        • Fiction of early printed book era

        • Candide
        • Cinderella
        • Don Quixote
        • Dream of the Red Chamber
        • Goethe's Faust
        • Gulliver's Travels
        • Hamlet
        • King Lear
        • Macbeth
        • A Midsummer Night's Dream
        • Othello
        • La Princesse de Clèves
        • Robinson Crusoe
        • Romeo and Juliet
        • Tartuffe
        • The Tempest
        • Utopia (More book)

        • Fiction of modern era

        • Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
        • Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
        • Anna Karenina
        • Brave New World
        • The Brothers Karamazov
        • The Call of the Wild
        • The Catcher in the Rye
        • A Christmas Carol
        • The Chronicles of Narnia
        • The Color Purple
        • Crime and Punishment
        • The Crucible
        • A Doll's House
        • Dracula
        • Eugene Onegin
        • Frankenstein
        • The Grapes of Wrath
        • The Great Gatsby
        • Grimms' Fairy Tales
        • Harry Potter
        • Heart of Darkness
        • The Hunchback of Notre-Dame
        • The Importance of Being Earnest
        • In Search of Lost Time
        • Jane Eyre
        • Les Misérables
        • The Little Prince
        • Little Women
        • Lolita
        • The Lord of the Rings
        • Madame Bovary
        • The Metamorphosis
        • Middlemarch
        • Midnight's Children
        • Moby-Dick
        • Nineteen Eighty-Four
        • On the Road
        • One Hundred Years of Solitude
        • Pride and Prejudice
        • The Scarlet Letter
        • Snow Country
        • The Sound and the Fury
        • The Sun Also Rises
        • Things Fall Apart
        • The Three Musketeers
        • To Kill a Mockingbird
        • To the Lighthouse
        • Ulysses
        • Uncle Tom's Cabin
        • Waiting for Godot
        • War and Peace
        • The War of the Worlds
        • The Wind in the Willows
        • Wuthering Heights

        • Comics

        • The Adventures of Tintin
        • Asterix
        • One Piece
        • Peanuts

      • Specific works of nonfiction

        • Nonfiction of antiquity

        • Anabasis (Xenophon)
        • Analects
        • Apology (Plato)
        • The Art of War
        • The Book of Healing
        • On the Consolation of Philosophy
        • Dead Sea Scrolls
        • Euclid's Elements
        • Hippocratic Corpus
        • Histories (Herodotus)
        • History of the Peloponnesian War
        • I Ching
        • The Incoherence of the Philosophers
        • Metaphysics (Aristotle)
        • Muqaddimah
        • Nicomachean Ethics
        • Organon
        • Poetic Edda
        • Popol Vuh
        • Republic (Plato)
        • Septuagint
        • Summa Theologica
        • Vulgate

        • Nonfiction of early printed book era

        • Critique of Pure Reason
        • De revolutionibus orbium coelestium
        • A Dictionary of the English Language
        • Discourse on the Method
        • Encyclopædia Britannica
        • Encyclopédie
        • Gutenberg Bible
        • The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
        • King James Version
        • Leviathan
        • Ninety-five Theses
        • Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica
        • The Prince

        • Nonfiction of modern era

        • The Communist Manifesto
        • Das Kapital
        • The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money
        • The Golden Bough
        • Night
        • On the Origin of Species
        • Oxford English Dictionary
        • Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung
        • Silent Spring
        • The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
        • The Wealth of Nations

      • Specific works of poetry

        • Poetic works of antiquity

        • Aeneid
        • Beowulf
        • The Canterbury Tales
        • Divine Comedy
        • Divan-i Shams-i Tabrizi
        • Epic of Gilgamesh
        • Iliad
        • Mahabharata
        • Masnavi
        • Metamorphoses
        • Nibelungenlied
        • Odyssey
        • Shahnameh
        • Song of Roland

        • Poetic works of early printed book era

        • Shakespeare's sonnets
        • Paradise Lost
        • Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam
        • Oku no Hosomichi
        • Songs of Innocence and of Experience

        • Poetic works of modern era

        • Duino Elegies
        • Leaves of Grass
        • The Raven
        • The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
        • The Waste Land

    • Music

      • Basics

      • Music
      • Choir
      • Concert
      • Counterpoint
      • Harmony
      • Chord
      • Melody
      • Musicology
      • Music theory
      • Music video
      • Musical notation
      • Orchestra
      • Rhythm
      • Scale (music)
      • Singing
      • Song

      • Musical instruments

      • Musical instrument
      • Electronic musical instrument
      • Synthesizer
      • Keyboard instrument
      • Accordion
      • Harpsichord
      • Piano
      • Pipe organ
      • Percussion instrument
      • Bell
      • Cymbal
      • Djembe
      • Drum
      • Xylophone
      • String instrument
      • Bass guitar
      • Cello
      • Double bass
      • Electric guitar
      • Guitar
      • Harp
      • Lute
      • Lyre
      • Mandolin
      • Viola
      • Violin
      • Wind instrument
      • Bagpipes
      • Brass instrument
      • Horn
      • Trombone
      • Trumpet
      • Tuba
      • Harmonica
      • Woodwind instrument
      • Bassoon
      • Clarinet
      • Flute
      • Pan flute
      • Recorder
      • Western concert flute
      • Oboe
      • Saxophone

      • Music genres and forms

        • Music genres and forms: General

        • Music genre
        • Ballad
        • Christmas carol
        • Hymn
        • Lullaby
        • National anthem
        • Protest song

        • Western classical music

        • Classical music
        • Aria
        • Chamber music
        • Concerto
        • Fugue
        • Opera
        • Sonata
        • Symphony
        • Medieval music
        • Gregorian chant
        • Renaissance music
        • Baroque music
        • Classical period
        • Romantic music
        • 20th-century classical music
        • Contemporary classical music

        • Non-Western music

        • Arabic music
        • Gamelan
        • Indian classical music
        • Music of China
        • Sub-Saharan African music traditions

        • Popular music

        • Blues
        • Country music
        • Disco
        • Electronic music
        • Folk music
        • Funk
        • Hip-hop
        • Rapping
        • Jazz
        • Bossa nova
        • Ragtime
        • Pop music
        • Reggae
        • Rhythm and blues
        • Soul music
        • Rock music
        • Heavy metal music
        • Punk rock
        • Rock and roll
        • Salsa music
        • Samba

      • Specific musical works

        • Baroque

        • Brandenburg Concertos
        • The Four Seasons (Vivaldi)
        • Mass in B minor
        • Messiah (Handel)
        • The Well-Tempered Clavier

        • Classical

        • Nocturnes (Chopin)
        • Piano sonatas (Beethoven)
        • Symphony No. 3 (Beethoven)
        • Symphony No. 5 (Beethoven)
        • Symphony No. 2 (Mahler)
        • Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven)
        • Symphony No. 41 (Mozart)

        • Opera

        • La bohème
        • Carmen
        • Don Giovanni
        • The Magic Flute
        • The Marriage of Figaro
        • Der Ring des Nibelungen
        • La traviata
        • Tristan und Isolde

        • Ballet

        • The Nutcracker
        • The Rite of Spring
        • Swan Lake

        • Musicals

        • The Phantom of the Opera
        • West Side Story

        • Modern

        • Bohemian Rhapsody
        • Johnny B. Goode
        • Kind of Blue
        • Like a Rolling Stone
        • Rhapsody in Blue
        • Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
        • Thriller (Michael Jackson album)

    • Performing arts

      • Basic concepts

      • Performing arts
      • Audience
      • Costume
      • Stage

      • Forms

      • Acrobatics
      • Burlesque
      • Circus
      • Clown
      • Magic (illusion)
      • Mime artist
      • Performance art
      • Performance poetry
      • Puppetry

        • Dance

        • Dance
        • Choreography
        • Ballet
        • Ballroom dance
        • Bolero
        • Tango
        • Waltz
        • Belly dance
        • Bharatanatyam
        • Flamenco
        • Folk dance
        • Hip-hop dance
        • Jazz dance
        • Modern dance

        • Theatre

        • Theatre
        • Acting
        • Stagecraft
        • Comedy
        • Commedia dell'arte
        • Improvisational theatre
        • Joke
        • Parody
        • Stand-up comedy
        • Drama
        • Tragedy
        • Broadway theatre
        • West End theatre
        • Kabuki
        • Musical theatre
        • Noh
        • Peking opera
        • Theatre of ancient Greece

    • Visual arts

      • History of art

        • Pre-modern art

        • Academic art
        • Ancient Greek art
        • Baroque
        • Classicism
        • Dutch Golden Age painting
        • Empire style
        • Gothic art
        • Hellenistic art
        • Mannerism
        • Prehistoric art
        • Cave painting
        • Rock art
        • Renaissance art
        • Rococo
        • Roman art
        • Romanesque art

        • Modern art

        • Modern art
        • Abstract art
        • Abstract expressionism
        • Art Deco
        • Art Nouveau
        • Arts and Crafts movement
        • Avant-garde
        • Cubism
        • Dada
        • Expressionism
        • Futurism
        • Impressionism
        • Modernism
        • Neoclassicism
        • Post-Impressionism
        • Postmodernism
        • Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood
        • Realism
        • Romanticism
        • Surrealism
        • Symbolism

        • Contemporary art

        • Contemporary art
        • Conceptual art
        • Land art
        • Minimalism
        • Outsider art
        • Pop art

        • Non-Western art traditions

        • African art
        • Chinese art
        • Indian art
        • Islamic art
        • Japanese art
        • Ukiyo-e
        • Persian art
        • Visual arts of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas

      • Concepts and forms

      • Visual arts
      • Art criticism
      • Calligraphy
      • Ceramic art
      • Collage
      • Comics
      • Comic book
      • Manga
      • Decorative arts
      • Drawing
      • Fashion
      • Folk art
      • Graffiti
      • Handicraft
      • Illustration
      • Mosaic
      • Mural
      • Optical illusion
      • Origami
      • Painting
      • Landscape painting
      • Oil painting
      • Watercolor painting
      • Perspective (graphical)
      • Portrait
      • Printmaking
      • Engraving
      • Religious art
      • Sculpture
      • Taxidermy
      • Textile arts
      • Wood carving

      • Specific works

        • Painting

        • A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte
        • Along the River During the Qingming Festival
        • Arnolfini Portrait
        • The Birth of Venus
        • Campbell's Soup Cans
        • Les Demoiselles d'Avignon
        • The Garden of Earthly Delights
        • Guernica
        • The Last Supper
        • Las Meninas
        • Mona Lisa
        • The Night Watch
        • The Persistence of Memory
        • The Scream
        • Sistine Chapel
        • The Starry Night
        • Water Lilies

        • Sculpture

        • David
        • Fountain
        • Olmec colossal heads
        • Pietà
        • Terracotta Army
        • The Thinker
        • Venus de Milo
        • Venus of Willendorf

        • Other media

        • Bayeux Tapestry
        • Book of Kells
        • The Great Wave off Kanagawa

    • Modern visual arts

      • Design

      • Design
      • Graphic design
      • Typography
      • Interior design
      • Industrial design
      • Web design

      • Digital art

      • Digital art
      • Computer graphics

      • Filmmaking

        • Filmmaking: General

        • Film
        • Animation
        • Anime
        • Silent film
        • Filmmaking
        • Cinematography
        • Special effect
        • Studio system

        • Cinema by country

        • Cinema of the United States
        • Cinema of France
        • Cinema of India
        • Hindi cinema
        • Cinema of Japan
        • Cinema of China
        • Cinema of the Soviet Union
        • Cinema of Nigeria

        • Film festival and awards

        • Film festival
        • Cannes Film Festival
        • Academy Awards

        • Films

          • Animation

          • Looney Tunes
          • Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
          • Toy Story

          • Art film

          • Mirror

          • Comedy

          • City Lights
          • Dr. Strangelove

          • Documentary

          • Triumph of the Will

          • Drama film

          • 8½
          • Bicycle Thieves
          • Breathless
          • Children of Paradise
          • Citizen Kane
          • The Godfather
          • L'Atalante
          • La dolce vita
          • The Rules of the Game
          • Tokyo Story
          • The Apu Trilogy
          • Battleship Potemkin
          • The Birth of a Nation
          • Lawrence of Arabia
          • Seven Samurai
          • The Seventh Seal
          • Psycho
          • Vertigo

          • Musical

          • The Jazz Singer
          • Singin' in the Rain
          • The Sound of Music

          • Romance film

          • Casablanca
          • Gone With the Wind

          • Science fiction/Fantasy

          • Metropolis
          • Star Wars
          • The Wizard of Oz

          • Western

          • Stagecoach

    • Fictional and legendary characters

      • Western folklore

      • King Arthur
      • Baba Yaga
      • Faust
      • Robin Hood
      • Santa Claus

      • Eastern folklore

      • Hua Mulan

      • Literature and drama

      • James Bond
      • Sherlock Holmes
      • Peter Pan
      • Tarzan
      • Winnie-the-Pooh

      • Film, television, and games

      • Mickey Mouse
      • Donald Duck
      • Mario

      • Superheroes

      • Superman
      • Batman
      • Wonder Woman
      • Spider-Man

  • Biology and health sciences

    • Biology and health sciences: General

      • Basics

      • Life
      • Death
      • Suicide
      • Abiogenesis
      • Organism
      • Model organism
      • Biology
      • Microbiology
      • Mycology
      • Biomechanics
      • Neuroscience
      • Sense
      • Paleontology
      • Fossil

      • Evolution

      • Evolution
      • Natural selection
      • Adaptation
      • Genetic drift
      • History of life
      • Mutation
      • Human evolution
      • Australopithecus
      • Homo habilis
      • Homo erectus
      • Cro-Magnon
      • Denisovan
      • Neanderthal
      • Paranthropus

      • Genetics and taxonomy

      • Genetics
      • Gene
      • Genetic code
      • Gene expression
      • Heredity
      • Epigenetics
      • Human genome
      • Hybrid
      • Mendelian inheritance
      • Phylogenetics
      • Binomial nomenclature
      • Taxonomy
      • Domain
      • Kingdom
      • Species

    • Anatomy and morphology

      • Basics

      • Anatomy
      • Dissection
      • Organ
      • Tissue
      • Sexual dimorphism

      • Animal

        • Animal: General

        • Endocrine system
        • Adrenal gland
        • Thyroid
        • Immune system
        • Antibody
        • Abdomen
        • Head
        • Thorax
        • Venom

        • Circulatory system

        • Circulatory system
        • Artery
        • Blood
        • Red blood cell
        • White blood cell
        • Capillary
        • Heart
        • Lymphatic system
        • Spleen
        • Vein

        • Digestive system

        • Mouth
        • Esophagus
        • Stomach
        • Small intestine
        • Large intestine
        • Liver
        • Pancreas

        • Muscular system

        • Muscular system
        • Muscle cell
        • Sarcomere
        • Skeletal muscle

        • Nervous system

        • Nervous system
        • Central nervous system
        • Peripheral nervous system
        • Brain
        • Brainstem
        • Cerebellum
        • Cerebral cortex
        • Cerebrum
        • Neuron
        • Spinal cord
        • Sensory nervous system
        • Auditory system
        • Ear
        • Hearing
        • Taste
        • Tongue
        • Olfactory system
        • Nose
        • Sense of smell
        • Somatosensory system
        • Pain
        • Visual system
        • Eye
        • Visual perception
        • Color vision

        • Integumentary system

        • Integumentary system
        • Breast
        • Feather
        • Fingerprint
        • Fur
        • Hair
        • Nail (anatomy)
        • Scale (zoology)
        • Skin

        • Reproductive system

        • Reproductive system
        • Female reproductive system
        • Male reproductive system
        • Sex organ
        • Clitoris
        • Ovary
        • Penis
        • Placenta
        • Testicle
        • Uterus
        • Vagina

        • Respiratory system

        • Respiratory system
        • Gill
        • Lung

        • Skeletal system

        • Skeleton
        • Bone
        • Jaw
        • Joint
        • Pelvis
        • Skull
        • Spinal column

        • Urinary system

        • Bladder
        • Kidney
        • Urinary system

        • Tissues

        • Connective tissue
        • Cartilage
        • Tendon
        • Epithelium
        • Muscle
        • Nervous tissue

      • Plant

        • Plant: General

        • Plant anatomy
        • Plant morphology
        • Flower
        • Fruit
        • Berry
        • Nut
        • Leaf
        • Root
        • Stoma
        • Seed
        • Shrub
        • Tree

        • Plant stem

        • Plant stem
        • Bark
        • Trunk

        • Plant tissues

        • Epidermis
        • Ground tissue
        • Meristem
        • Vascular tissue
        • Vascular cambium

      • Fungus

      • Hypha
      • Mycelium

    • Biochemistry and molecular biology

    • Biochemistry
    • Chemical biology
    • Molecular biology
    • Biomolecule
    • Alkaloid
    • Caffeine
    • Cocaine
    • Morphine
    • Nicotine
    • Biological pigment
    • Carotenoid
    • Chlorophyll
    • Melanin
    • Carbohydrate
    • Fructose
    • Glucose
    • Lactose
    • Cellulose
    • Chitin
    • Glycogen
    • Starch
    • Hormone
    • Dopamine
    • Adrenaline
    • Estrogen
    • Insulin
    • Oxytocin
    • Plant hormone
    • Testosterone
    • Lipid
    • Steroid
    • Cholesterol
    • Fat
    • Fatty acid
    • Nucleic acid
    • DNA
    • RNA
    • Protein
    • Amino acid
    • Enzyme
    • Hemoglobin
    • Protein (nutrient)

    • Biological processes and physiology

      • Basics

      • Physiology
      • Blood sugar level
      • Breathing
      • Circadian rhythm
      • Digestion
      • Excretion
      • Metabolism
      • Muscle contraction
      • Photosynthesis
      • Respiration
      • Thermoregulation
      • Transpiration

      • Biological reproduction

      • Reproduction
      • Asexual reproduction
      • Sexual reproduction
      • Sex
      • Female
      • Male
      • Microbial cyst
      • Spore

      • Animal reproduction

      • Birth
      • Egg
      • Menstrual cycle
      • Menopause
      • Pregnancy
      • Semen
      • Sperm

      • Plant reproduction

      • Plant reproduction
      • Alternation of generations
      • Gametophyte
      • Plant reproductive morphology
      • Pollen
      • Pollination
      • Sporophyte

      • Development

      • Developmental biology
      • Development of the human body

      • Animal ontogeny

      • Cuticle
      • Embryo
      • Fetus
      • Imago
      • Larva
      • Longevity
      • Metamorphosis
      • Moulting
      • Nymph
      • Ontogeny
      • Puberty
      • Pupa
      • Tadpole

    • Botany

    • Botany
    • Plant
    • Carnivorous plant
    • Flowering plant
    • Weed

    • Cell biology

      • Cell biology: General

      • Cell biology

      • Cell processes

      • Active transport
      • Cell signaling
      • Cellular respiration
      • Glycolysis
      • DNA replication
      • Fermentation
      • Programmed cell death
      • Stem cell
      • Transcription
      • Translation (biology)

      • Cellular division

      • Cell cycle
      • Fission
      • Meiosis
      • Mitosis
      • Plasmid

      • Cell parts

      • Cell
      • Cell membrane
      • Cytoplasm
      • Cytoskeleton
      • Flagellum
      • Symbiogenesis

      • Organelles

      • Organelle
      • Cell nucleus
      • Chromosome
      • Centriole
      • Endoplasmic reticulum
      • Golgi apparatus
      • Lysosome
      • Mitochondrion
      • Ribosome
      • Vacuole

      • Plant cells

      • Plant cell
      • Cell wall
      • Chloroplast
      • Plastid

    • Ecology

    • Ecology
    • Biodiversity
    • Biome
    • Biosphere
    • Competition (biology)
    • Ecological niche
    • Ecosystem
    • Endangered species
    • Extinction
    • Extremophile
    • Habitat
    • Invasive species
    • Parasitism
    • Population
    • Sustainability
    • Symbiosis
    • Wildlife conservation

    • Zoology

      • Zoology: General

      • Zoology
      • Animal
      • Animal coloration
      • Camouflage

      • Ethology

      • Ethology
      • Intelligence
      • Sleep
      • Hibernation
      • Animal locomotion
      • Bipedalism
      • Animal migration
      • Carnivore
      • Predation
      • Scavenger
      • Herbivore
      • Grazing
      • Instinct
      • Sociality

    • Organisms

      • Animals

        • General classification

        • Arthropod
        • Bilateria
        • Chordate
        • Craniate
        • Vertebrate
        • Gnathostomata
        • Invertebrate
        • Tetrapod

        • Cnidarians

        • Cnidaria
        • Coral
        • Jellyfish

        • Echinoderms

        • Echinoderm
        • Sea cucumber
        • Sea urchin
        • Starfish

        • Mollusks

        • Mollusca
        • Clam
        • Mussel
        • Oyster
        • Scallop
        • Octopus
        • Squid
        • Conch
        • Slug
        • Snail

        • Porifera

        • Sponge

        • Arachnids

        • Arachnid
        • Mite
        • Pseudoscorpion
        • Scorpion
        • Spider
        • Tarantula
        • Tick

        • Crustaceans

        • Crustacean
        • Crab
        • Crayfish
        • Decapod
        • Krill
        • Lobster
        • Malacostraca
        • Ostracod
        • Shrimp
        • Woodlouse

        • Insects

        • Insect
        • Pterygota
        • Cockroach
        • Earwig
        • Flea
        • Louse
        • Body louse
        • Mantis
        • Phasmatodea
        • Termite
        • Beetle
        • Coccinellidae
        • Dung beetle
        • Firefly
        • Weevil
        • Fly
        • Common fruit fly
        • Black fly
        • Botfly
        • Crane fly
        • Calliphoridae
        • Tabanidae
        • Housefly
        • Mosquito
        • Tsetse fly
        • Hemiptera
        • Cicada
        • Bed bug
        • Leafhopper
        • Aphid
        • Scale insect
        • Whitefly
        • Hymenoptera
        • Ant
        • Fire ant
        • Carpenter ant
        • Bee
        • Bumblebee
        • Africanized bee
        • Western honey bee
        • Wasp
        • Hornet
        • Lepidoptera
        • Butterfly
        • Bombyx mori
        • Geometer moth
        • Lymantria dispar dispar
        • Moth
        • Pieris brassicae
        • Swallowtail butterfly
        • Odonata
        • Damselfly
        • Dragonfly
        • Orthoptera
        • Cricket (insect)
        • Grasshopper
        • Mole cricket
        • Locust
        • Tettigoniidae

        • Arthropoda, others

        • Trilobite
        • Hexapoda
        • Springtail
        • Myriapoda
        • Centipede
        • Millipede
        • Chelicerata
        • Eurypterid
        • Xiphosura

        • Invertebrata, others

        • Nematode
        • Caenorhabditis elegans
        • Tardigrade
        • Annelid
        • Earthworm
        • Leech
        • Polychaete
        • Bryozoa
        • Flatworm
        • Cestoda

        • Agnatha

        • Agnatha
        • Hagfish
        • Lamprey
        • Ostracoderm

        • Fishes

        • Fish
        • Coral reef fish
        • Deep-sea fish
        • Chondrichthyes
        • Acanthodii
        • Osteichthyes
        • Actinopterygii
        • Sarcopterygii
        • Coelacanth
        • Lungfish
        • Placoderm
        • Anglerfish
        • Arapaima
        • Chimaera
        • Eel
        • Electric eel
        • Flying fish
        • Milkfish
        • Northern pike
        • Oarfish
        • Mullet
        • Ophidiiformes
        • Scorpaeniformes
        • Stickleback
        • Batomorphi
        • Stingray
        • Manta ray
        • Skate
        • Sawfish
        • Electric ray
        • Characiformes
        • Piranha
        • Bichir
        • Sturgeon
        • Anchovy
        • Herring
        • Ilish
        • Sardine
        • Sprat
        • Cypriniformes
        • Carp
        • Goldfish
        • Koi
        • Cyprinodontiformes
        • Guppy
        • Alaska pollock
        • Cod
        • Haddock
        • Galaxiidae
        • Smelt
        • Perciformes
        • Barracuda
        • Cichlid
        • Tilapia
        • Goby
        • Mackerel
        • Marlin
        • Mahi-mahi
        • Serranidae
        • European seabass
        • Grouper
        • Siamese fighting fish
        • Swordfish
        • Perch
        • Remora
        • Tuna
        • Wrasse
        • Flatfish
        • Flounder
        • Halibut
        • Plaice
        • Turbot
        • Salmonidae
        • Salmon
        • Trout
        • Shark
        • Great white shark
        • Hammerhead shark
        • Tiger shark
        • Nurse shark
        • Whale shark
        • Catfish
        • Loricariidae
        • Seahorse
        • Ocean sunfish
        • Tetraodontidae

        • Amphibians

        • Amphibian
        • Caecilian
        • Salamander
        • Newt
        • Frog
        • Hylidae
        • Leptodactylidae
        • True toad
        • True frog
        • American bullfrog

        • Reptiles

        • Reptile
        • Crocodilia
        • Alligator
        • Caiman
        • Crocodile
        • Lizard
        • Chameleon
        • Gecko
        • Gila monster
        • Green iguana
        • Horned lizard
        • Komodo dragon
        • Skink
        • Snake
        • Eastern copperhead
        • Agkistrodon piscivorus
        • Boidae
        • Coral snake
        • Garter snake
        • Sea snake
        • Mamba
        • Naja
        • Rattlesnake
        • Adder
        • Tuatara
        • Turtle
        • Alligator snapping turtle
        • Box turtle
        • Common snapping turtle
        • Painted turtle
        • Red-eared slider
        • Sea turtle
        • Tortoise
        • Galápagos tortoise
        • Dinosaur
        • Allosaurus
        • Apatosaurus
        • Diplodocus
        • Iguanodon
        • Stegosaurus
        • Triceratops
        • Tyrannosaurus
        • Velociraptor
        • Plesiosaur
        • Pterosaur
        • Synapsida
        • Dimetrodon

        • Birds

        • Bird
        • Seabird
        • Bird of prey
        • Palaeognathae
        • Archaeopteryx
        • Accipiter
        • Eagle
        • Golden eagle
        • Falcon
        • Peregrine falcon
        • New World vulture
        • Old World vulture
        • Osprey
        • Secretarybird
        • Duck
        • Mallard
        • Goose
        • Swan
        • Hummingbird
        • Swift
        • Nightjar
        • Auk
        • Gull
        • Sandpiper
        • Tern
        • Heron
        • Ibis
        • Shoebill
        • Stork
        • Columbidae
        • Dodo
        • Passenger pigeon
        • Rock dove
        • River kingfisher
        • Hornbill
        • Hoopoe
        • Cuckoo
        • Hoatzin
        • Turaco
        • Galliformes
        • Chicken
        • Grouse
        • Guineafowl
        • Peafowl
        • Common pheasant
        • Common quail
        • Domestic turkey
        • Loon
        • Gruiformes
        • Crane (bird)
        • Bustard
        • Rail
        • Passerine
        • Songbird
        • Bird-of-paradise
        • Corvidae
        • Corvus
        • Common raven
        • Eurasian magpie
        • Honeyeater
        • Lyrebird
        • Shrike
        • Bulbul
        • Cardinalidae
        • Bunting
        • Finch
        • Icterid
        • Lark
        • Mockingbird
        • New World warbler
        • Old World flycatcher
        • European robin
        • Common nightingale
        • Ploceidae
        • Old World sparrow
        • House sparrow
        • Starling
        • Common myna
        • Common starling
        • Sunbird
        • Swallow
        • Tit
        • Thrush
        • American robin
        • Wren
        • Antbird
        • Ovenbird (family)
        • Tyrant flycatcher
        • Cormorant
        • Darter
        • Frigatebird
        • Pelican
        • Sulidae
        • Flamingo
        • Honeyguide
        • Toucan
        • Woodpecker
        • Procellariiformes
        • Albatross
        • Parrot
        • Ara
        • Budgerigar
        • Cockatoo
        • Cassowary
        • Emu
        • Kiwi
        • Moa
        • Common ostrich
        • Rhea
        • Penguin
        • Owl
        • Eurasian eagle-owl
        • Barn owl
        • Tinamou
        • Trogon
        • Resplendent quetzal

        • Mammals

        • Mammal
        • Aardvark
        • Armadillo
        • Hyrax
        • Pangolin
        • Sirenia
        • Bat
        • Megabat
        • Microbat
        • Pteropus
        • Vampire bat
        • Carnivora
        • Bear
        • Brown bear
        • Giant panda
        • Polar bear
        • Canidae
        • Dog
        • Dingo
        • Coyote
        • Fox
        • Jackal
        • Wolf
        • Felidae
        • Cat
        • Cheetah
        • Cougar
        • Jaguar
        • Leopard
        • Lion
        • Lynx
        • Smilodon
        • Snow leopard
        • Tiger
        • Hyena
        • Mongoose
        • Mustelidae
        • European badger
        • Honey badger
        • Marten
        • Otter
        • Sea otter
        • Stoat
        • Weasel
        • Wolverine
        • Procyonidae
        • Skunk
        • Cetacea
        • Whale
        • Blue whale
        • Dolphin
        • Humpback whale
        • Orca
        • Porpoise
        • Sperm whale
        • Hedgehog
        • Artiodactyl
        • Ruminant
        • Alpaca
        • Bovidae
        • African buffalo
        • American bison
        • Antelope
        • Aurochs
        • Capra
        • Cattle
        • Gazelle
        • Gaur
        • Goat
        • Impala
        • Muskox
        • Sheep
        • Water buffalo
        • Wildebeest
        • European bison
        • Yak
        • Camel
        • Bactrian camel
        • Dromedary
        • Deer
        • Elk
        • Moose
        • Red deer
        • Reindeer
        • Llama
        • Giraffe
        • Guanaco
        • Hippopotamus
        • Peccary
        • Pronghorn
        • Sus (genus)
        • Pig
        • Wild boar
        • Vicuña
        • Lagomorpha
        • Hare
        • Rabbit
        • Marsupial
        • Diprotodontia
        • Kangaroo
        • Koala
        • Dasyuromorphia
        • Tasmanian devil
        • Opossum
        • Peramelemorphia
        • Monotreme
        • Echidna
        • Platypus
        • Perissodactyla
        • Donkey
        • Equidae
        • Horse
        • Rhinoceros
        • Tapir
        • Zebra
        • Anteater
        • Sloth
        • Pinniped
        • Eared seal
        • Earless seal
        • Walrus
        • Primate
        • Monkey
        • Ape
        • Pan (genus)
        • Chimpanzee
        • Bonobo
        • Gibbon
        • Gorilla
        • Orangutan
        • Human
        • New World monkey
        • Capuchin monkey
        • Spider monkey
        • Old World monkey
        • Baboon
        • Macaque
        • Rhesus macaque
        • Strepsirrhini
        • Slow loris
        • Galago
        • Lemur
        • Tarsier
        • Proboscidea
        • Elephant
        • Mammoth
        • Rodent
        • Capybara
        • Nutria
        • Beaver
        • Dormouse
        • Guinea pig
        • Hamster
        • Marmot
        • Mouse
        • Muridae
        • Muskrat
        • Porcupine
        • Rat
        • Brown rat
        • Squirrel
        • Shrew
        • Mole (animal)

        • Animal breeds and hybrids

        • Siamese cat
        • American Brahman
        • Hereford cattle
        • Holstein Friesian
        • Gun dog
        • Herding dog
        • Hound
        • Mastiff
        • Spitz
        • Terrier
        • Arabian horse
        • Andalusian horse
        • Friesian horse
        • Thoroughbred
        • Pony
        • Mule
        • Merino

      • Plants

        • Non-flowering plants

        • Green algae
        • Charophyta
        • Chlorophyta
        • Bryophyte
        • Hornwort
        • Marchantiophyta
        • Moss
        • Sphagnum
        • Pteridophyte
        • Fern
        • Equisetum
        • Lycophyte
        • Gymnosperm
        • Cycad
        • Ginkgo biloba
        • Conifer
        • Cedrus
        • Cupressus
        • Douglas fir
        • Fir
        • Juniper
        • Pine
        • Podocarpus
        • Sequoioideae
        • Spruce

        • Monocots

        • Monocotyledon
        • Araceae
        • Anthurium
        • Philodendron
        • Arecaceae
        • Agave
        • Aloe
        • Amaryllis
        • Gladiolus
        • Iridaceae
        • Iris
        • Lily of the valley
        • Narcissus
        • Orchid
        • Yucca
        • Pontederia crassipes
        • Alstroemeria
        • Colchicum
        • Liliaceae
        • Lilium
        • Tulip
        • Pandanus
        • Bromeliaceae
        • Puya
        • Spanish moss
        • Cyperaceae
        • Juncus
        • Poaceae
        • Bamboo
        • Sugarcane
        • Typha
        • Canna
        • Heliconia

        • Non-monocots

        • Eudicots
        • Magnoliids
        • Apiaceae
        • Hedera
        • Asteraceae
        • Bellis perennis
        • Chrysanthemum
        • Cirsium
        • Dahlia
        • Solidago
        • Helianthus
        • Sonchus
        • Tagetes
        • Taraxacum
        • Campanulaceae
        • Brassicaceae
        • Arabidopsis thaliana
        • Tropaeolum
        • Cactus
        • Cornus
        • Cucurbitaceae
        • Diospyros
        • Ericaceae
        • Rhododendron
        • Azalea
        • Theaceae
        • Camellia
        • Impatiens
        • Primulaceae
        • Fabaceae
        • Mimosa
        • Alder
        • Beech
        • Birch
        • Hickory
        • Oak
        • Apocynaceae
        • Gardenia
        • Rubiaceae
        • Lamiaceae
        • Oleaceae
        • Fraxinus
        • Salvia
        • Sesame
        • Verbena
        • Euphorbiaceae
        • Flax
        • Hypericum
        • Poinsettia
        • Viola
        • Willow
        • Malvaceae
        • Adansonia
        • Henna
        • Myrtaceae
        • Eucalyptus
        • Proteaceae
        • Nelumbo
        • Platanus
        • Cannabis
        • Elm
        • Moraceae
        • Ficus sycomorus
        • Rosaceae
        • Rose
        • Mahogany
        • Maple
        • Solanaceae

        • Edible fruits

        • Apple
        • Apricot
        • Avocado
        • Banana
        • Blackberry
        • Blackcurrant
        • Blueberry
        • Cherry
        • Citrus
        • Grapefruit
        • Kumquat
        • Lemon
        • Lime
        • Orange
        • Mandarin orange
        • Fig
        • Cranberry
        • Date palm
        • Durian
        • Grape
        • Guava
        • Jackfruit
        • Kiwifruit
        • Lychee
        • Mango
        • Morus
        • Cucumis melo
        • Olive
        • Papaya
        • Peach
        • Pear
        • Pineapple
        • Plum
        • Pomegranate
        • Raspberry
        • Strawberry
        • Tamarind
        • Watermelon
        • Bell pepper
        • Breadfruit
        • Chili pepper
        • Cooking banana
        • Cucumber
        • Cucurbita
        • Pumpkin
        • Zucchini
        • Eggplant
        • Green bean
        • Okra
        • Tomato

        • Edible seeds, grains, nuts (pulses)

        • Barley
        • Maize
        • Millet
        • Oat
        • Rice
        • Oryza sativa
        • Rye
        • Sorghum
        • Wheat
        • Common wheat
        • Amaranth
        • Buckwheat
        • Quinoa
        • Almond
        • Brazil nut
        • Cashew
        • Chestnut
        • Hazelnut
        • Macadamia
        • Pecan
        • Walnut
        • Bean
        • Vicia faba
        • Lima bean
        • Soybean
        • Phaseolus vulgaris
        • Chickpea
        • Lentil
        • Pea
        • Peanut

        • Vegetables

        • Eruca vesicaria
        • Cabbage
        • Chard
        • Chinese cabbage
        • Collard (plant)
        • Kale
        • Lettuce
        • Rapeseed
        • Spinach
        • Arrowroot
        • Beetroot
        • Carrot
        • Cassava
        • Daikon
        • Onion
        • Parsnip
        • Potato
        • Radish
        • Rutabaga
        • Sugar beet
        • Sweet potato
        • Taro
        • Turnip
        • Yam
        • Artichoke
        • Asparagus
        • Broccoli
        • Cauliflower
        • Celery
        • Chicory
        • Coconut
        • Kohlrabi
        • Leek
        • Anise
        • Basil
        • Black pepper
        • Cardamom
        • Cinnamon
        • Clove
        • Cumin
        • Fennel
        • Garlic
        • Ginger
        • Ginseng
        • Horseradish
        • Lavandula
        • Liquorice
        • Mentha
        • Nutmeg
        • Parsley
        • Saffron
        • Thyme
        • Vanilla

      • Fungi

      • Fungus
      • Mushroom
      • Yeast
      • Saccharomyces cerevisiae
      • Ascomycota
      • Basidiomycota
      • Zygomycota

        • Edible fungi

        • Agaricus
        • Boletus edulis
        • Chanterelle
        • Pleurotus ostreatus
        • Shiitake
        • Truffle

        • Poisonous fungi

        • Amanita muscaria
        • Amanita phalloides

      • Other organisms

      • Eukaryote
      • Plankton
      • Protist
      • Paramecium
      • Prokaryote
      • Archaea
      • Bacteria
      • Cyanobacteria
      • Escherichia coli
      • Salmonella
      • Staphylococcus aureus
      • Rhizaria
      • Excavata
      • Euglenozoa
      • Algae
      • Red algae
      • Seaweed
      • Chromalveolata
      • Stramenopile
      • Brown algae
      • Kelp
      • Diatom
      • Haptophyte
      • Cryptomonad
      • Alveolate
      • Dinoflagellate
      • Lichen
      • Amoebozoa
      • Slime mold

    • Health, medicine and disease

      • Health and fitness

      • Health
      • Mental health
      • Nutrition
      • Diet
      • Dietary supplement
      • Food group
      • Hunger
      • Malnutrition
      • Vitamin
      • Hygiene
      • Bathing
      • Feminine hygiene
      • Oral hygiene
      • Shaving
      • Physical fitness
      • Body mass index
      • Exercise
      • Obesity
      • Weight loss
      • Ageing
      • Breastfeeding
      • Fertilisation
      • Infertility
      • Occupational safety and health
      • Personal protective equipment
      • Stress (biology)

      • Drugs and pharmacology

      • Medication
      • Vaccine
      • Vaccination
      • Vaccine hesitancy
      • Smallpox vaccine
      • Polio vaccine
      • Prescription drug
      • Amphetamine
      • Analgesic
      • Anesthesia
      • Antibiotic
      • Penicillin
      • Aspirin
      • Benzodiazepine
      • Quinine
      • Drug
      • Alcohol (drug)
      • Alcohol intoxication
      • Tobacco
      • Cannabis
      • Opium
      • Substance use disorder
      • Addiction
      • Alcoholism
      • Smoking
      • Cigarette
      • Health effects of tobacco
      • Smoking cessation
      • Substance dependence
      • Pharmacology
      • Pharmacokinetics
      • Placebo
      • Pharmacy
      • Pharmacist

      • Medicine

        • General concepts

        • Medicine
        • Emergency medical services
        • First aid
        • Health care
        • Veterinary medicine
        • Medical ethics
        • Hospital
        • Emergency department
        • Psychiatric hospital
        • Physician
        • Nursing

        • Human anatomy

        • Human body
        • Arm
        • Face
        • Foot
        • Hand
        • Finger
        • Human brain
        • Human eye
        • Gastrointestinal tract
        • Human leg
        • Human skeleton
        • Human tooth
        • Human voice

        • Dentistry

        • Dentistry
        • Dental restoration
        • Root canal
        • Toothache
        • Tooth decay

        • Fields of medicine

        • Alternative medicine
        • Chiropractic
        • Herbal medicine
        • Homeopathy
        • Angiology
        • Cardiology
        • Dermatology
        • Gastroenterology
        • Geriatrics
        • Hematology
        • Blood type
        • Immunology
        • Neurology
        • Obstetrics and gynaecology
        • Oncology
        • Ophthalmology
        • Optometry
        • Otorhinolaryngology
        • Pediatrics
        • Psychiatry
        • Public health
        • Epidemiology
        • Preventive healthcare
        • Pulmonology
        • Radiology
        • Sexual and reproductive health
        • Toxicology
        • Traditional medicine
        • Ayurveda
        • Traditional Chinese medicine
        • Acupuncture
        • Urology

        • Medical procedures

        • Surgery
        • Amputation
        • Organ transplantation
        • Plastic surgery
        • Medical diagnosis
        • Medical test
        • Palliative care
        • Physical examination
        • Autopsy
        • Biopsy
        • Blood pressure
        • Blood test
        • Blood transfusion
        • Eye examination
        • Lumbar puncture
        • Pap test
        • Pulse
        • Reflex
        • Sterilization
        • Therapy
        • Chemotherapy
        • Physical therapy
        • Radiation therapy
        • Symptomatic treatment

      • Morbidity

        • Non-infectious disease

        • Disease
        • Acne
        • Allergy
        • Alzheimer's disease
        • Anemia
        • Arthritis
        • Asthma
        • Autoimmune disease
        • Bronchitis
        • Cardiovascular disease
        • Hypertension
        • Myocardial infarction
        • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
        • Cirrhosis
        • Dementia
        • Diabetes
        • Diarrhea
        • Epilepsy
        • Gout
        • Hepatitis
        • Meningitis
        • Migraine
        • Multiple sclerosis
        • Parkinson's disease

        • Injury

        • Injury
        • Blunt trauma
        • Bone fracture
        • Bruise
        • Burn
        • Frostbite
        • Wound
        • Major trauma
        • Aneurysm
        • Brain injury
        • Concussion
        • Bleeding
        • Cardiac arrest
        • Hypothermia
        • Hypoxia
        • Inflammation
        • Respiratory failure
        • Shock
        • Stroke

        • Foodborne illness

        • Foodborne illness
        • Botulism
        • Mushroom poisoning
        • Typhoid fever

        • Infectious disease

        • Infection
        • Pathogen
        • Virus
        • Coronavirus
        • SARS-CoV-2
        • Human papillomavirus infection
        • HIV
        • Tobacco mosaic virus
        • Prion
        • Anthrax
        • Bubonic plague
        • Chickenpox
        • Cholera
        • Common cold
        • Dengue fever
        • Diphtheria
        • Ebola
        • Encephalitis
        • Gangrene
        • Gastroenteritis
        • Dysentery
        • Hand, foot, and mouth disease
        • Influenza
        • Leprosy
        • Lyme disease
        • Malaria
        • Measles
        • Mumps
        • Fungal infection
        • Pneumonia
        • Polio
        • Rabies
        • Scabies
        • Scarlet fever
        • SARS
        • Sexually transmitted infection
        • Chlamydia
        • Gonorrhea
        • Herpes
        • HIV/AIDS
        • Syphilis
        • Smallpox
        • Tetanus
        • Tuberculosis
        • Typhus
        • West Nile fever
        • Whooping cough
        • Yellow fever

        • Disability

        • Visual impairment
        • Cerebral palsy
        • Color blindness
        • Down syndrome
        • Dyslexia
        • Hearing loss
        • Intellectual disability
        • Physical disability

        • Cancer

        • Cancer
        • Brain tumor
        • Carcinogen
        • Breast cancer
        • Colorectal cancer
        • Leukemia
        • Lung cancer
        • Lymphoma
        • Neoplasm
        • Prostate cancer
        • Skin cancer
        • Melanoma

        • Mental disorder

        • Mental disorder
        • Anxiety disorder
        • Phobia
        • Post-traumatic stress disorder
        • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
        • Autism
        • Bipolar disorder
        • Eating disorder
        • Major depressive disorder
        • Neurosis
        • Pedophilia
        • Personality disorder
        • Psychopathy
        • Schizophrenia

        • Miscellaneous

        • Coma
        • Vegetative state
        • Poison
        • Toxicity
        • Psychosis
        • Delusion
        • Hallucination
        • Syndrome

  • Everyday life

    • Clothing and fashion

    • Clothing
    • Jewellery
    • Belt
    • Button
    • Cloak
    • Coat
    • Cosmetics
    • Perfume
    • Dress
    • Skirt
    • Glove
    • Hairstyle
    • Beard
    • Moustache
    • Wig
    • Handbag
    • Hat
    • Mask
    • Nightwear
    • Nudity
    • Scarf
    • Shirt
    • Shoe
    • Boot
    • Suit
    • Swimsuit
    • Trousers
    • Underwear
    • Bra
    • Sock
    • Diaper
    • Umbrella
    • Uniform
    • Veil
    • Wallet
    • Zipper

    • Cooking, food and drink

      • Basics

      • Food
      • Eating
      • Vegetable
      • Drink
      • Drinking
      • Meal
      • Breakfast
      • Lunch
      • Dinner
      • Snack
      • Dieting
      • Vegetarianism
      • Veganism

      • Cuisine

      • Cuisine
      • Chinese cuisine
      • Fast food
      • French cuisine
      • Japanese cuisine
      • Indian cuisine
      • Italian cuisine
      • Mexican cuisine
      • Middle Eastern cuisine

      • Food types

      • Biscuit
      • Breakfast cereal
      • Casserole
      • Curry
      • Dessert
      • Cake
      • Candy
      • Chocolate
      • Dumpling
      • Noodle
      • Pasta
      • Pastry
      • Pie
      • Pizza
      • Porridge
      • Salad
      • Sandwich
      • Hamburger
      • Soup
      • Stew
      • Sushi

      • Preparation and serving

      • Cooking
      • Baking
      • Cooking oil
      • Vegetable oil
      • Frying
      • Grilling
      • Steaming
      • Food preservation
      • Canning
      • Fruit preserves
      • Pickling
      • Smoking (cooking)
      • Brewing
      • Bar
      • Restaurant

      • Meat and other animal products

      • Meat
      • Beef
      • Veal
      • Lamb and mutton
      • Offal
      • Pork
      • Bacon
      • Ham
      • Lard
      • Poultry
      • Chicken as food
      • Sausage
      • Seafood
      • Fish as food
      • Eggs as food
      • Honey

      • Dairy and analogues

      • Milk
      • Butter
      • Cream
      • Margarine
      • Cheese
      • Ice cream
      • Soy milk
      • Tofu
      • Yogurt

      • Grains

      • Bread
      • Cereal
      • Flour

      • Seasonings and condiments

      • Condiment
      • Ketchup
      • Mayonnaise
      • Mustard
      • Sauce
      • Chutney
      • Soy sauce
      • Herb
      • Salt
      • Spice
      • Sugar
      • Vinegar

      • Drinks

        • Non-alcoholic drinks

        • Coffee
        • Tea
        • Drinking water
        • Hot chocolate
        • Juice
        • Soft drink
        • Coca-Cola

        • Alcoholic drinks

        • Alcoholic beverage
        • Beer
        • Wine
        • Cider
        • Cocktail
        • Liquor
        • Brandy
        • Gin
        • Rum
        • Sake
        • Tequila
        • Vodka
        • Whisky

    • Family and kinship

      • Family and kinship: General

      • Family
      • Household
      • Nuclear family
      • Extended family
      • Stepfamily
      • Kinship
      • Affinity
      • Clan
      • Consanguinity
      • Lineage

      • Interpersonal relationships

      • Interpersonal relationship
      • Friendship
      • Intimate relationship
      • Breakup
      • Cohabitation
      • Concubinage
      • Infidelity
      • Same-sex relationship

      • Marriage and parenting

      • Marriage
      • Arranged marriage
      • Civil union
      • Courtship
      • Dating
      • Romance
      • Wedding
      • Divorce
      • Endogamy
      • Exogamy
      • Monogamy
      • Polygamy
      • Parenting
      • Childbirth
      • Family planning
      • Adoption
      • Orphan

      • Family members

      • Husband
      • Wife
      • Parent
      • Father
      • Mother
      • Sibling
      • Brother
      • Sister
      • Twin
      • Grandparent
      • Cousin
      • Godparent
      • Pet

    • Household items

      • Furniture and interior design

      • Furniture
      • Bathtub
      • Bed
      • Cabinetry
      • Carpet
      • Chair
      • Couch
      • Fireplace
      • Pillow
      • Shower
      • Table

      • Cooking and eating

      • Chopsticks
      • Cookware and bakeware
      • Cutlery
      • Fork
      • Spoon
      • Tableware
      • Cup
      • Plate

    • Sexuality and gender

    • Human sexuality
    • Gender
    • Man
    • Woman
    • Transgender
    • Intersex
    • Sexual orientation
    • Heterosexuality
    • Homosexuality
    • Bisexuality
    • Asexuality
    • LGBTQ
    • Human sexual activity
    • Sexual intercourse
    • Foreplay
    • Kiss
    • Oral sex
    • Anal sex
    • BDSM
    • Incest
    • Masturbation
    • Orgasm
    • Promiscuity
    • Prostitution
    • Birth control
    • Combined oral contraceptive pill
    • Condom
    • Fertility
    • Sex education
    • Age of consent
    • Pornography
    • Sexual attraction
    • Sexual fetishism
    • Virginity

    • Stages of life

    • Infant
    • Child
    • Boy
    • Girl
    • Adolescence
    • Adult
    • Young adult
    • Middle age
    • Old age

    • Sports and recreation

      • Entertainment

        • Entertainment and leisure

        • Entertainment
        • Leisure
        • Hobby
        • Aquarium
        • Beauty pageant
        • Collecting
        • Karaoke
        • Party
        • Puzzle
        • Crossword
        • Jigsaw puzzle
        • Maze
        • Riddle
        • Rubik's Cube
        • Professional wrestling
        • Quiz

        • Recreation and tourism

        • Recreation
        • Tourism
        • Play (activity)
        • Playground
        • Amusement park
        • Camping
        • Hiking
        • Zoo

        • Toys

        • Toy
        • Action figure
        • Doll
        • Barbie
        • Frisbee
        • Kite
        • Lego
        • Marble (toy)
        • Scale model
        • Spinning top
        • Stuffed toy
        • Yo-yo

        • Games

        • Game
        • Board game
        • Backgammon
        • Chess
        • Checkers
        • Go
        • Mancala
        • Monopoly
        • Pachisi
        • Scrabble
        • Shogi
        • Xiangqi
        • Card game
        • Tarot
        • Blackjack
        • Contract bridge
        • Poker
        • Gambling
        • Casino
        • Dice
        • Lottery
        • Roulette
        • Slot machine
        • Video game
        • Video game console
        • Pokémon
        • Tetris
        • Arcade game
        • Pinball
        • Dominoes
        • Hide-and-seek
        • Hopscotch
        • Mahjong
        • Tag

      • Sports

        • Basics

        • Sport
        • Doping in sport
        • Extreme sport
        • Sports equipment
        • Ball
        • Women's sports
        • Olympic Games
        • Ancient Olympic Games
        • Paralympic Games
        • Summer Olympic Games
        • Winter Olympic Games
        • Asian Games
        • Mascot
        • Stadium

        • Team sports

        • American football
        • National Football League
        • Super Bowl
        • Association football
        • FIFA World Cup
        • La Liga
        • Premier League
        • UEFA Champions League
        • Australian rules football
        • Baseball
        • Major League Baseball
        • Softball
        • Basketball
        • National Basketball Association
        • Cricket
        • Cricket World Cup
        • Curling
        • Field hockey
        • Handball
        • Ice hockey
        • National Hockey League
        • Kabaddi
        • Lacrosse
        • Netball
        • Polo
        • Rugby football
        • Rugby league
        • Rugby sevens
        • Rugby union
        • Rugby World Cup
        • Tug of war
        • Volleyball
        • Beach volleyball

        • Athletics

        • Athletics
        • Running
        • Track and field
        • 100 metres
        • Decathlon
        • Discus throw
        • High jump
        • Hurdling
        • Javelin throw
        • Long jump
        • Marathon
        • Pole vault
        • Shot put
        • Walking

        • Skating

        • Ice skating
        • Figure skating
        • Speed skating
        • Roller skating
        • Skateboarding

        • Water sports

        • Canoeing
        • Diving
        • Rowing
        • Sailing (sport)
        • Underwater diving
        • Scuba diving
        • Swimming
        • Swimming pool
        • Swimming (sport)
        • Water polo

        • Combat sport and martial arts

        • Martial arts
        • Boxing
        • Brazilian jiu-jitsu
        • Capoeira
        • Chinese martial arts
        • Jujutsu
        • Karate
        • Kickboxing
        • Mixed martial arts
        • Muay Thai
        • Taekwondo
        • Wrestling
        • Judo
        • Sumo

        • Other individual sports

        • Angling
        • Archery
        • Arm wrestling
        • Auto racing
        • Formula One
        • Badminton
        • Bowling
        • Ten-pin bowling
        • Bodybuilding
        • Bullfighting
        • Climbing
        • Mountaineering
        • Rock climbing
        • Cue sports
        • Pool
        • Snooker
        • Cycle sport
        • Mountain biking
        • Tour de France
        • Darts
        • Equestrianism
        • Horse racing
        • Fencing
        • Gladiator
        • Golf
        • Gymnastics
        • Powerlifting
        • Rodeo
        • Shooting sports
        • Biathlon
        • Skiing
        • Alpine skiing
        • Ski jumping
        • Slalom skiing
        • Sled
        • Bobsleigh
        • Luge
        • Snowboarding
        • Squash
        • Surfing
        • Table tennis
        • Tennis
        • Olympic weightlifting

  • Geography

    • Basics

      • Basics: General

      • Geography
      • Human geography
      • Physical geography
      • Country
      • Exploration

      • Continents

      • Eurasia
      • Europe
      • Asia
      • Africa
      • Americas
      • North America
      • South America
      • Antarctica
      • Australia (continent)

      • Cartography

      • Cartography
      • Map
      • Map projection
      • Mercator projection
      • Atlas
      • Globe
      • Border
      • Surveying
      • Geographic coordinate system
      • Elevation
      • Latitude
      • Longitude
      • Geodetic datum
      • Geoid
      • Remote sensing

      • Earth

      • Equator
      • Tropic of Cancer
      • Tropic of Capricorn
      • Arctic Circle
      • Antarctic Circle
      • North Pole
      • South Pole
      • Prime meridian
      • International Date Line

    • Physical geography

      • Bodies of water

        • Oceans and seas

        • Atlantic Ocean
        • Baltic Sea
        • Bay of Biscay
        • Black Sea
        • Caribbean Sea
        • Gulf of Guinea
        • Gulf of Mexico
        • Gulf Stream
        • Gulf of St. Lawrence
        • Irish Sea
        • Labrador Sea
        • Mediterranean Sea
        • Adriatic Sea
        • Aegean Sea
        • Ionian Sea
        • North Sea
        • Norwegian Sea
        • Sargasso Sea
        • Sea of Azov
        • Sea of Marmara
        • Pacific Ocean
        • Gulf of Alaska
        • Bering Sea
        • Gulf of California
        • Gulf of Carpentaria
        • Coral Sea
        • East China Sea
        • Sea of Japan
        • Sea of Okhotsk
        • Philippine Sea
        • Seto Inland Sea
        • South China Sea
        • Gulf of Thailand
        • Tasman Sea
        • Yellow Sea
        • Indian Ocean
        • Andaman Sea
        • Arabian Sea
        • Bay of Bengal
        • Persian Gulf
        • Red Sea
        • Timor Sea
        • Arctic Ocean
        • Baffin Bay
        • Barents Sea
        • Beaufort Sea
        • Greenland Sea
        • Hudson Bay
        • Kara Sea
        • White Sea
        • Southern Ocean
        • Great Australian Bight
        • Ross Sea
        • Scotia Sea
        • Weddell Sea

        • Lakes

        • African Great Lakes
        • Lake Victoria
        • Lake Albert
        • Lake Malawi
        • Lake Tanganyika
        • Lake Turkana
        • Lake Chad
        • Lake Kariba
        • Lake Mweru
        • Lake Volta
        • Lake Ladoga
        • Lake Onega
        • Vänern
        • Great Lakes
        • Lake Erie
        • Lake Huron
        • Lake Michigan
        • Lake Ontario
        • Lake Superior
        • Great Bear Lake
        • Great Slave Lake
        • Lake Nicaragua
        • Lake Winnipeg
        • Lake Maracaibo
        • Lake Titicaca
        • Caspian Sea
        • Aral Sea
        • Lake Baikal
        • Lake Balkhash
        • Dead Sea
        • Issyk-Kul
        • Poyang Lake
        • Qinghai Lake
        • Lake Urmia
        • Lake Van
        • West Lake
        • Lake Vostok
        • Lake Eyre

        • Rivers

        • Yangtze
        • Ganges
        • Yamuna
        • Yellow River
        • Mekong
        • Lena (river)
        • Yenisey
        • Angara
        • Ob
        • Irtysh
        • Indus River
        • Brahmaputra River
        • Amur
        • Songhua River
        • Euphrates
        • Amu Darya
        • Salween River
        • Ural (river)
        • Syr Darya
        • Irrawaddy River
        • Pearl River
        • Tigris
        • Godavari River
        • Krishna River
        • Jordan River
        • Mississippi River
        • Missouri River
        • Ohio River
        • Colorado River
        • Columbia River
        • Rio Grande
        • St. Lawrence River
        • Yukon River
        • Mackenzie River
        • Amazon River
        • Madeira River
        • Rio Negro
        • Tocantins River
        • Magdalena River
        • Orinoco
        • Paraná River
        • Río de la Plata
        • São Francisco River
        • Uruguay River
        • Nile
        • Blue Nile
        • White Nile
        • Congo River
        • Ubangi River
        • Limpopo River
        • Niger River
        • Orange River
        • Senegal River
        • Zambezi
        • Danube
        • Dnieper
        • Don (river)
        • Elbe
        • Loire
        • Neva
        • Pechora (river)
        • Rhine
        • Tagus
        • River Thames
        • Vistula
        • Volga
        • Murray River

        • Straits

        • Gulf of Aden
        • Bass Strait
        • Bering Strait
        • Bosporus
        • Cook Strait
        • Dardanelles
        • Strait of Dover
        • Drake Passage
        • English Channel
        • Straits of Florida
        • Strait of Gibraltar
        • Strait of Hormuz
        • Kattegat
        • Korea Strait
        • Strait of Magellan
        • Strait of Malacca
        • Mozambique Channel
        • Palk Strait
        • Skagerrak
        • Taiwan Strait

        • Canals

        • Erie Canal
        • Grand Canal (China)
        • Kiel Canal
        • Panama Canal
        • St. Lawrence Seaway
        • Suez Canal
        • White Sea–Baltic Canal

        • Shipping routes

        • Northeast Passage
        • Northwest Passage

      • Other hydrologic features

        • Waterfalls

        • Angel Falls
        • Iguazu Falls
        • Niagara Falls
        • Victoria Falls

        • Seabed

        • Great Barrier Reef
        • Mid-Atlantic Ridge
        • Mariana Trench

        • Wetlands

        • Everglades

        • Glaciers

        • Antarctic ice sheet
        • Greenland ice sheet

        • Aquifers

        • Great Artesian Basin

      • Islands

        • Africa

        • Canary Islands
        • Madeira
        • Mayotte
        • Réunion
        • Zanzibar

        • North America

        • Aleutian Islands
        • Arctic Archipelago
        • Baffin Island
        • Ellesmere Island
        • Bermuda
        • Greenland
        • Newfoundland
        • Greater Antilles
        • Cayman Islands
        • Hispaniola
        • Puerto Rico
        • Lesser Antilles
        • ABC islands
        • Guadeloupe
        • Martinique

        • South America

        • Easter Island
        • Galápagos Islands
        • Tierra del Fuego
        • Marajó
        • Falkland Islands

        • Asia

        • Andaman and Nicobar Islands
        • British Indian Ocean Territory
        • Hokkaido
        • Honshu
        • Jeju Island
        • Kuril Islands
        • Kyushu
        • Malay Archipelago
        • Borneo
        • Java
        • Lesser Sunda Islands
        • Bali
        • Timor
        • Luzon
        • Maluku Islands
        • Mindanao
        • Sumatra
        • Sulawesi
        • Visayas
        • Phuket
        • Ryukyu Islands
        • Sakhalin
        • Shikoku
        • Socotra

        • Antarctica

        • Alexander Island

        • Europe

        • Azores
        • Balearic Islands
        • British Isles
        • Great Britain
        • Ireland
        • Isle of Man
        • Channel Islands
        • Crete
        • Corsica
        • Faroe Islands
        • Novaya Zemlya
        • Sardinia
        • Sicily
        • Svalbard
        • Zealand

        • Oceania

        • American Samoa
        • French Polynesia
        • Guam
        • New Britain
        • New Caledonia
        • New Guinea
        • Northern Mariana Islands
        • Tasmania
        • North Island
        • South Island

      • Peninsulas

        • Africa

        • Cape of Good Hope
        • Horn of Africa

        • North America

        • Baja California peninsula
        • Yucatán Peninsula

        • South America

        • Cape Horn

        • Asia

        • Anatolia
        • Arabian Peninsula
        • Korea
        • Mainland Southeast Asia
        • Malay Peninsula
        • Kamchatka Peninsula
        • Sinai Peninsula

        • Europe

        • Balkans
        • Crimea
        • Iberian Peninsula
        • Kola Peninsula

        • Antarctica

        • Antarctic Peninsula

      • Land relief

        • Land relief: General

        • Eurasian Steppe
        • Ring of Fire

        • North America

        • Rocky Mountains
        • Appalachian Mountains
        • Canadian Shield
        • Grand Canyon
        • Great Plains
        • Pacific Coast Ranges
        • Sierra Nevada

        • South America

        • Andes
        • Altiplano
        • Brazilian Highlands
        • Cerrado
        • Gran Chaco
        • Guiana Shield
        • Pampas

        • Antarctica

        • Transantarctic Mountains

        • Asia

        • Himalayas
        • Deccan Plateau
        • Indo-Gangetic Plain
        • Karakoram
        • Western Ghats
        • Caucasus Mountains
        • Iranian plateau
        • Hindu Kush
        • Najd
        • Zagros Mountains
        • North China Plain
        • Tibetan Plateau
        • Kunlun Mountains
        • Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau
        • Altai Mountains
        • Tian Shan
        • West Siberian Plain

        • Europe

        • Alps
        • Apennine Mountains
        • Balkan Mountains
        • Carpathian Mountains
        • East European Plain
        • Pyrenees
        • Scandinavian Mountains
        • Ural Mountains

        • Africa

        • Aïr Mountains
        • Atlas Mountains
        • Drakensberg
        • Ethiopian Highlands
        • Great Rift Valley
        • Sahel
        • Tassili n'Ajjer

        • Oceania

        • Great Dividing Range
        • Outback
        • Southern Alps
        • Uluru

      • Mountain peaks

        • Africa

        • Mount Kenya
        • Mount Kilimanjaro

        • Asia

        • K2
        • Krakatoa
        • Mount Everest
        • Mount Fuji
        • Mount Kailash
        • Mount Pinatubo
        • Mount Tai

        • North America

        • Denali
        • Mount Pelée
        • Mount St. Helens

        • South America

        • Aconcagua

        • Oceania

        • Mauna Loa
        • Mount Kosciuszko
        • Puncak Jaya

        • Europe

        • Mont Blanc
        • Mount Elbrus
        • Mount Etna
        • Mount Olympus
        • Mount Vesuvius

        • Antarctica

        • Vinson Massif

      • Deserts

      • Arabian Desert
      • Atacama Desert
      • Chihuahuan Desert
      • Gobi Desert
      • Great Victoria Desert
      • Kalahari Desert
      • Karakum Desert
      • Mojave Desert
      • Sahara
      • Taklamakan Desert

      • Forests

      • Amazon rainforest
      • Sundarbans
      • Virgin Komi Forests

    • Parks and preserves

      • Parks and preserves: General

      • Park
      • National park
      • World Heritage Site

      • Africa

      • Banc d'Arguin National Park
      • Kavango–Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area
      • Ngorongoro Conservation Area
      • Serengeti National Park

      • Asia

      • Kaziranga National Park

      • North America

      • Banff National Park
      • Central Park
      • Great Smoky Mountains National Park
      • Northeast Greenland National Park
      • Yellowstone National Park
      • Yosemite National Park

      • South America

      • Tumucumaque Mountains National Park

      • Europe

      • Lake District

      • Oceania

      • Phoenix Islands Protected Area
      • Royal National Park

    • Countries

      • Africa

        • North Africa

        • Algeria
        • Egypt
        • Libya
        • Morocco
        • Sudan
        • Tunisia

        • Southern Africa

        • Botswana
        • Eswatini
        • Lesotho
        • Namibia
        • South Africa

        • Central Africa

        • Angola
        • Cameroon
        • Central African Republic
        • Chad
        • Democratic Republic of the Congo
        • Republic of the Congo
        • Equatorial Guinea
        • Gabon
        • São Tomé and Príncipe

        • East Africa

        • Burundi
        • Comoros
        • Djibouti
        • Eritrea
        • Ethiopia
        • Kenya
        • Madagascar
        • Malawi
        • Mauritius
        • Mozambique
        • Rwanda
        • Seychelles
        • Somalia
        • South Sudan
        • Tanzania
        • Uganda
        • Zambia
        • Zimbabwe

        • West Africa

        • Benin
        • Burkina Faso
        • Cape Verde
        • The Gambia
        • Ghana
        • Guinea
        • Guinea-Bissau
        • Ivory Coast
        • Liberia
        • Mali
        • Mauritania
        • Niger
        • Nigeria
        • Senegal
        • Sierra Leone
        • Togo

      • Asia

        • East Asia

        • China
        • Japan
        • Mongolia
        • North Korea
        • South Korea

        • Southeast Asia

        • Brunei
        • Cambodia
        • East Timor
        • Indonesia
        • Laos
        • Malaysia
        • Myanmar
        • Philippines
        • Singapore
        • Thailand
        • Vietnam

        • Central Asia

        • Kazakhstan
        • Kyrgyzstan
        • Tajikistan
        • Turkmenistan
        • Uzbekistan

        • South Asia

        • Afghanistan
        • Bangladesh
        • Bhutan
        • India
        • Maldives
        • Nepal
        • Pakistan
        • Sri Lanka

        • West Asia

        • Armenia
        • Azerbaijan
        • Bahrain
        • Cyprus
        • Georgia
        • Iran
        • Iraq
        • Israel
        • Jordan
        • Kuwait
        • Lebanon
        • Oman
        • Qatar
        • Saudi Arabia
        • Syria
        • Turkey
        • United Arab Emirates
        • Yemen

      • Europe

        • Northern Europe

        • Denmark
        • Estonia
        • Finland
        • Iceland
        • Ireland
        • Latvia
        • Lithuania
        • Norway
        • Sweden
        • United Kingdom

        • Western Europe

        • Austria
        • Belgium
        • France
        • Germany
        • Liechtenstein
        • Luxembourg
        • Monaco
        • Netherlands
        • Switzerland

        • Southern Europe

        • Albania
        • Andorra
        • Bosnia and Herzegovina
        • Croatia
        • Greece
        • Italy
        • Malta
        • Montenegro
        • North Macedonia
        • Portugal
        • San Marino
        • Serbia
        • Slovenia
        • Spain
        • Vatican City

        • Eastern Europe

        • Belarus
        • Bulgaria
        • Czech Republic
        • Hungary
        • Moldova
        • Poland
        • Romania
        • Russia
        • Slovakia
        • Ukraine

      • North America

        • Northern America

        • Canada
        • Mexico
        • United States

        • Central America

        • Belize
        • Costa Rica
        • El Salvador
        • Guatemala
        • Honduras
        • Nicaragua
        • Panama

        • Caribbean

        • Antigua and Barbuda
        • The Bahamas
        • Barbados
        • Cuba
        • Dominica
        • Dominican Republic
        • Grenada
        • Haiti
        • Jamaica
        • Saint Kitts and Nevis
        • Saint Lucia
        • Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
        • Trinidad and Tobago

      • Oceania

        • Australia and New Zealand

        • Australia
        • New Zealand

        • Polynesia

        • Samoa
        • Tonga
        • Tuvalu

        • Micronesia

        • Kiribati
        • Marshall Islands
        • Federated States of Micronesia
        • Nauru
        • Palau

        • Melanesia

        • Fiji
        • Papua New Guinea
        • Solomon Islands
        • Vanuatu

      • South America

      • Argentina
      • Bolivia
      • Brazil
      • Colombia
      • Chile
      • Ecuador
      • Guyana
      • Paraguay
      • Peru
      • Suriname
      • Uruguay
      • Venezuela

      • Unrecognized or largely unrecognized states, and disputed regions

      • Abkhazia
      • Cook Islands
      • Kosovo
      • Nagorno-Karabakh
      • Niue
      • Northern Cyprus
      • Palestine
      • Somaliland
      • South Ossetia
      • Taiwan
      • Transnistria
      • Western Sahara

      • State-like entities

      • Holy See

    • Regions and country subdivisions

      • Regions and country subdivisions: General

      • Oceania
      • Middle East
      • Arctic
      • Tropics

      • Africa

      • Central Africa
      • East Africa
      • North Africa
      • Puntland
      • Southern Africa
      • Sub-Saharan Africa
      • West Africa

      • Americas

      • Caribbean
      • Central America
      • French Guiana
      • Latin America
      • Patagonia
      • Southern Cone

        • Brazil

        • Minas Gerais
        • São Paulo (state)

        • Canada

        • Ontario
        • Quebec

        • United States

        • New England
        • New York
        • Pennsylvania
        • Midwestern United States
        • Southern United States
        • Florida
        • Texas
        • Western United States
        • Alaska
        • California
        • Silicon Valley
        • Hawaii

      • Oceania

      • Melanesia
      • Micronesia
      • New South Wales
      • Polynesia

      • Asia

      • Caucasus
      • Central Asia
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    • Early modern

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      • Africa

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      • Asia

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        • Central and West Asia

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      • Europe

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    • Modern

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        • World War I

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      • Americas

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      • Asia

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        • East Asia

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        • Southeast Asia

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    • History by subject matter

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  • Mathematics

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    • Geometry

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    • Analytic geometry
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    • Algebra

    • Algebra
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    • Statistics and probability

    • Statistics
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    • Probability theory
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    • Discrete mathematics

    • Discrete mathematics
    • Mathematical logic
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    • Theoretical computer science
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    • Set theory
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    • Graph theory
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    • Calculus and analysis

    • Calculus
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    • Integral
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    • Del
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    • Mathematical analysis
    • Approximation theory
    • Numerical analysis
    • Complex analysis
    • Cauchy's integral formula
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    • Euler's identity
    • Holomorphic function
    • Riemann surface
    • Functional analysis
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    • Harmonic analysis
    • Fourier analysis
    • Fourier series
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    • Real analysis
    • Calculus of variations

    • Other

    • Number theory
    • Prime number
    • Prime number theorem
    • Euclid's theorem
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    • Algebraic number theory
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    • Class field theory
    • Analytic number theory
    • Riemann hypothesis
    • Diophantine equation
    • Fermat's Last Theorem
    • Applied mathematics
    • Mathematical optimization
    • Linear programming
    • Nonlinear programming
    • Operations research
    • Game theory
    • Information theory
    • Dynamical systems theory
    • Dynamical system
    • Control theory
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    • Category theory
    • Pure mathematics

  • People

    • Entertainers

      • Actors

      • Julie Andrews
      • Lauren Bacall
      • Amitabh Bachchan
      • Brigitte Bardot
      • Ingrid Bergman
      • Sarah Bernhardt
      • Humphrey Bogart
      • Marlon Brando
      • James Cagney
      • Jackie Chan
      • Claudette Colbert
      • Sean Connery
      • Gary Cooper
      • Joan Crawford
      • Bette Davis
      • Doris Day
      • Robert De Niro
      • Alain Delon
      • Marlene Dietrich
      • Clint Eastwood
      • Henry Fonda
      • Jean Gabin
      • Clark Gable
      • Greta Garbo
      • Judy Garland
      • John Gielgud
      • Lillian Gish
      • Cary Grant
      • Alec Guinness
      • Tom Hanks
      • Setsuko Hara
      • Rita Hayworth
      • Audrey Hepburn
      • Katharine Hepburn
      • Grace Kelly
      • Klaus Kinski
      • Vivien Leigh
      • Sophia Loren
      • Madhubala
      • Marcello Mastroianni
      • Toshiro Mifune
      • Marilyn Monroe
      • Jeanne Moreau
      • Jack Nicholson
      • Laurence Olivier
      • Peter O'Toole
      • Gregory Peck
      • Mary Pickford
      • Sidney Poitier
      • Rajinikanth
      • Barbara Stanwyck
      • James Stewart
      • Meryl Streep
      • Elizabeth Taylor
      • Shirley Temple
      • Spencer Tracy
      • Rudolph Valentino
      • John Wayne
      • Mae West

      • Dancers and choreographers

        • Ballet

        • George Balanchine
        • Mikhail Baryshnikov
        • Margot Fonteyn
        • Vaslav Nijinsky
        • Rudolf Nureyev
        • Anna Pavlova
        • Marius Petipa

        • Other dance

        • Fred Astaire
        • Josephine Baker
        • Isadora Duncan
        • Bob Fosse
        • Martha Graham
        • Gene Kelly
        • Izumo no Okuni
        • Ginger Rogers

      • Comedians

      • Lucille Ball
      • Carol Burnett
      • George Carlin
      • Bill Cosby
      • Louis de Funès
      • Laurel and Hardy
      • Marx Brothers
      • Monty Python
      • Richard Pryor

      • Hosts and performers

      • Johnny Carson
      • Harry Houdini
      • Marcel Marceau
      • Fred Rogers
      • Ed Sullivan
      • Oprah Winfrey

    • Visual artists

      • Western painters and illustrators

        • Post-classical

        • Giotto

        • Renaissance to early modern

        • Sandro Botticelli
        • Hieronymus Bosch
        • Pieter Bruegel the Elder
        • Caravaggio
        • Jacques-Louis David
        • Albrecht Dürer
        • Artemisia Gentileschi
        • El Greco
        • Francisco Goya
        • William Hogarth
        • Hans Holbein the Younger
        • Leonardo da Vinci
        • Masaccio
        • Nicolas Poussin
        • Raphael
        • Rembrandt
        • Peter Paul Rubens
        • Titian
        • Jan van Eyck
        • Diego Velázquez
        • Johannes Vermeer
        • Antoine Watteau

        • Modern (painters)

        • Paul Cézanne
        • Marc Chagall
        • John Constable
        • Gustave Courbet
        • Salvador Dalí
        • Edgar Degas
        • Eugène Delacroix
        • Max Ernst
        • Caspar David Friedrich
        • Paul Gauguin
        • Vincent van Gogh
        • Edward Hopper
        • Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres
        • Frida Kahlo
        • Wassily Kandinsky
        • Paul Klee
        • René Magritte
        • Kazimir Malevich
        • Édouard Manet
        • Franz Marc
        • Henri Matisse
        • Joan Miró
        • Piet Mondrian
        • Claude Monet
        • Edvard Munch
        • Georgia O'Keeffe
        • Pablo Picasso
        • Camille Pissarro
        • Jackson Pollock
        • Pierre-Auguste Renoir
        • Ilya Repin
        • Gerhard Richter
        • Diego Rivera
        • Henri Rousseau
        • John Singer Sargent
        • Georges Seurat
        • Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
        • J. M. W. Turner
        • Andy Warhol
        • James McNeill Whistler

        • Cartoonists, comics artists, and illustrators

        • Aubrey Beardsley
        • M. C. Escher
        • Will Eisner
        • Hergé
        • Jack Kirby
        • Winsor McCay
        • Norman Rockwell
        • Osamu Tezuka

      • Other visual arts

        • Sculptors

        • Gian Lorenzo Bernini
        • Constantin Brâncuși
        • Donatello
        • Alberto Giacometti
        • Michelangelo
        • Henry Moore
        • Phidias
        • Auguste Rodin

        • Architects

        • Alvar Aalto
        • Leon Battista Alberti
        • Filippo Brunelleschi
        • Le Corbusier
        • Buckminster Fuller
        • Antoni Gaudí
        • Frank Gehry
        • Walter Gropius
        • Zaha Hadid
        • Imhotep
        • Philip Johnson
        • Louis Kahn
        • Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
        • Oscar Niemeyer
        • Andrea Palladio
        • I. M. Pei
        • Mimar Sinan
        • Albert Speer
        • Louis Sullivan
        • Vitruvius
        • Christopher Wren
        • Frank Lloyd Wright

        • Conceptual artists

        • Joseph Beuys
        • Marcel Duchamp

        • Designers

        • Coco Chanel
        • Yves Saint Laurent (designer)
        • Raymond Loewy

        • Photographers

        • Ansel Adams
        • Henri Cartier-Bresson
        • Eadweard Muybridge
        • Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky
        • Man Ray
        • Edward Weston

        • Instrument makers

        • Antonio Stradivari

        • Urban planners

        • Georges-Eugène Haussmann
        • Jane Jacobs
        • Robert Moses
        • Frederick Law Olmsted

      • Non-Western traditions

      • Hokusai
      • Hiroshige
      • Kanō Masanobu
      • Sesshū Tōyō
      • Shitao
      • Wang Xizhi

    • Writers

      • Ancient

        • Asia

        • Kalidasa
        • Qu Yuan

        • Europe

        • Aeschylus
        • Aristophanes
        • Catullus
        • Euripides
        • Hesiod
        • Homer
        • Horace
        • Lucian
        • Menander
        • Ovid
        • Plautus
        • Sappho
        • Sophocles
        • Terence
        • Virgil

      • Post-classical

        • Asia

        • Bai Juyi
        • Bhavabhuti
        • Du Fu
        • Ferdowsi
        • Hafez
        • Han Yu
        • Jami
        • Kabir
        • Omar Khayyam
        • Amir Khusrau
        • Li Bai
        • Murasaki Shikibu
        • Nizami Ganjavi
        • Abu Nuwas
        • Ouyang Xiu
        • Rudaki
        • Rumi
        • Saadi Shirazi
        • Su Shi
        • Tao Yuanming
        • Wang Wei (Tang dynasty)

        • Europe

        • Dante Alighieri
        • Giovanni Boccaccio
        • Geoffrey Chaucer
        • Chrétien de Troyes
        • Christine de Pizan
        • Petrarch
        • François Villon

      • Early modern

        • Asia

        • Fuzuli (poet)
        • Matsuo Bashō
        • Mir Taqi Mir
        • Mirabai
        • Tukaram
        • Tulsidas

        • Europe

        • Pedro Calderón de la Barca
        • Robert Burns
        • Luís de Camões
        • Giacomo Casanova
        • Miguel de Cervantes
        • Pierre Corneille
        • Daniel Defoe
        • John Donne
        • John Dryden
        • Henry Fielding
        • Samuel Johnson
        • Ben Jonson
        • Christopher Marlowe
        • John Milton
        • Michel de Montaigne
        • Thomas More
        • Molière
        • Nostradamus
        • Charles Perrault
        • Alexander Pope
        • François Rabelais
        • Jean Racine
        • Marquis de Sade
        • William Shakespeare
        • Edmund Spenser
        • Jonathan Swift
        • Lope de Vega
        • Voltaire

      • Modern

        • Africa

        • Chinua Achebe
        • J. M. Coetzee
        • Nadine Gordimer
        • Naguib Mahfouz
        • Ben Okri
        • Wole Soyinka
        • Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o

        • Americas

        • Maya Angelou
        • Isaac Asimov
        • Margaret Atwood
        • Saul Bellow
        • Ray Bradbury
        • William S. Burroughs
        • Raymond Chandler
        • Emily Dickinson
        • T. S. Eliot
        • Ralph Waldo Emerson
        • William Faulkner
        • F. Scott Fitzgerald
        • Robert Frost
        • Allen Ginsberg
        • Nathaniel Hawthorne
        • Robert A. Heinlein
        • Ernest Hemingway
        • Langston Hughes
        • Henry James
        • Jack Kerouac
        • Stephen King
        • Ursula K. Le Guin
        • Stan Lee
        • Jack London
        • H. P. Lovecraft
        • Herman Melville
        • Arthur Miller
        • Toni Morrison
        • Vladimir Nabokov
        • Sylvia Plath
        • Edgar Allan Poe
        • Ezra Pound
        • Ayn Rand
        • Dr. Seuss
        • Upton Sinclair
        • John Steinbeck
        • Mark Twain
        • Kurt Vonnegut
        • Edith Wharton
        • Walt Whitman
        • Tennessee Williams
        • Jorge Amado
        • Jorge Luis Borges
        • Alejo Carpentier
        • Carlos Fuentes
        • Gabriel García Márquez
        • Machado de Assis
        • José Martí
        • Pablo Neruda
        • Mario Vargas Llosa

        • Europe

        • Constantine P. Cavafy
        • Adam Mickiewicz
        • Ismail Kadare
        • Joseph Conrad
        • Sándor Petőfi
        • Henryk Sienkiewicz
        • Taras Shevchenko
        • Elie Wiesel
        • Anna Akhmatova
        • Joseph Brodsky
        • Mikhail Bulgakov
        • Ivan Bunin
        • Anton Chekhov
        • Fyodor Dostoevsky
        • Maxim Gorky
        • Nikolai Gogol
        • Mikhail Lermontov
        • Vladimir Mayakovsky
        • Boris Pasternak
        • Alexander Pushkin
        • Mikhail Sholokhov
        • Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
        • Leo Tolstoy
        • Ivan Turgenev
        • Hans Christian Andersen
        • Antonin Artaud
        • Honoré de Balzac
        • Charles Baudelaire
        • Karen Blixen
        • Bertolt Brecht
        • Albert Camus
        • Alexandre Dumas
        • Umberto Eco
        • Gustave Flaubert
        • Anne Frank
        • Federico García Lorca
        • André Gide
        • Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
        • Brothers Grimm
        • Knut Hamsun
        • Heinrich Heine
        • Hermann Hesse
        • Victor Hugo
        • Henrik Ibsen
        • Eugène Ionesco
        • Franz Kafka
        • Selma Lagerlöf
        • Halldór Laxness
        • Astrid Lindgren
        • Thomas Mann
        • Stéphane Mallarmé
        • Guy de Maupassant
        • Fernando Pessoa
        • Luigi Pirandello
        • Marcel Proust
        • Arthur Rimbaud
        • Rainer Maria Rilke
        • José Saramago
        • Friedrich Schiller
        • Stendhal
        • August Strindberg
        • Tristan Tzara
        • Jules Verne
        • Émile Zola
        • Jane Austen
        • Samuel Beckett
        • William Blake
        • Enid Blyton
        • Brontë family
        • Lord Byron
        • Lewis Carroll
        • Agatha Christie
        • Arthur C. Clarke
        • Samuel Taylor Coleridge
        • Roald Dahl
        • Charles Dickens
        • Arthur Conan Doyle
        • George Eliot
        • William Golding
        • Thomas Hardy
        • James Joyce
        • John Keats
        • Rudyard Kipling
        • D. H. Lawrence
        • C. S. Lewis
        • V. S. Naipaul
        • George Orwell
        • Salman Rushdie
        • Walter Scott
        • George Bernard Shaw
        • Mary Shelley
        • Percy Bysshe Shelley
        • Robert Louis Stevenson
        • Alfred, Lord Tennyson
        • Dylan Thomas
        • J. R. R. Tolkien
        • H. G. Wells
        • Oscar Wilde
        • William Wordsworth
        • Virginia Woolf
        • W. B. Yeats

        • Asia

        • Chinghiz Aitmatov
        • Ryūnosuke Akutagawa
        • Ghalib
        • Kahlil Gibran
        • Muhammad Iqbal
        • Kazuo Ishiguro
        • Jin Yong
        • Yasunari Kawabata
        • Lao She
        • Lu Xun
        • Yukio Mishima
        • Haruki Murakami
        • Natsume Sōseki
        • Kenzaburō Ōe
        • Orhan Pamuk
        • Premchand
        • Rabindranath Tagore

        • Oceania

        • Banjo Paterson
        • Patrick White

    • Journalists

    • Svetlana Alexievich
    • David Attenborough
    • Nellie Bly
    • Walter Cronkite
    • Horace Greeley
    • William Randolph Hearst
    • Walter Lippmann
    • Rupert Murdoch
    • Edward R. Murrow
    • Joseph Pulitzer
    • Ida Tarbell
    • Hunter S. Thompson
    • Anna Wintour
    • Bob Woodward

    • Musicians and composers

      • Western art music

        • Composers

        • Hildegard of Bingen
        • Guillaume de Machaut
        • Josquin des Prez
        • Guillaume Du Fay
        • Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
        • Johann Sebastian Bach
        • George Frideric Handel
        • Claudio Monteverdi
        • Henry Purcell
        • Antonio Vivaldi
        • Ludwig van Beethoven
        • Joseph Haydn
        • Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
        • Hector Berlioz
        • Johannes Brahms
        • Anton Bruckner
        • Frédéric Chopin
        • Antonín Dvořák
        • Edward Elgar
        • Gilbert and Sullivan
        • Franz Liszt
        • Gustav Mahler
        • Felix Mendelssohn
        • Modest Mussorgsky
        • Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov
        • Gioachino Rossini
        • Franz Schubert
        • Robert Schumann
        • Johann Strauss II
        • Richard Strauss
        • Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
        • Giuseppe Verdi
        • Richard Wagner
        • Béla Bartók
        • Benjamin Britten
        • Aaron Copland
        • Claude Debussy
        • Gabriel Fauré
        • George Gershwin
        • Giacomo Puccini
        • Sergei Prokofiev
        • Sergei Rachmaninoff
        • Maurice Ravel
        • Arnold Schoenberg
        • Dmitri Shostakovich
        • Jean Sibelius
        • Igor Stravinsky
        • Ralph Vaughan Williams
        • Pierre Boulez
        • John Cage
        • Philip Glass
        • György Ligeti
        • Karlheinz Stockhausen

        • Pedagogues

        • Nadia Boulanger

        • Performers

        • Pablo Casals
        • Mstislav Rostropovich
        • Leonard Bernstein
        • Herbert von Karajan
        • Arturo Toscanini
        • Glenn Gould
        • Vladimir Horowitz
        • Sviatoslav Richter
        • Arthur Rubinstein
        • Clara Schumann
        • Maria Callas
        • Enrico Caruso
        • Plácido Domingo
        • Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau
        • Kirsten Flagstad
        • Luciano Pavarotti
        • Joan Sutherland
        • Niccolò Paganini

      • Non-Western art music

        • Carnatic classical

        • Muthuswami Dikshitar
        • Syama Sastri
        • Tyagaraja

        • Hindustani classical

        • Ali Akbar Khan
        • Ravi Shankar

        • Qawwali

        • Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan

        • Persian traditional

        • Mohammad-Reza Shajarian

      • Jazz

      • Louis Armstrong
      • Miles Davis
      • Duke Ellington
      • Ella Fitzgerald
      • Benny Goodman
      • Billie Holiday
      • Antônio Carlos Jobim
      • Scott Joplin
      • Charlie Parker
      • Django Reinhardt

      • Popular music

      • ABBA
      • Bing Crosby
      • Stephen Foster
      • Michael Jackson
      • Madonna
      • Miriam Makeba
      • Bob Marley
      • Frank Sinatra
      • Taylor Swift

        • Non-English language singers

        • Charles Aznavour
        • Serge Gainsbourg
        • Umm Kulthum
        • Lata Mangeshkar
        • Édith Piaf
        • Teresa Teng
        • Vladimir Vysotsky

        • Afrobeat

        • Fela Kuti

        • Blues, R&B, and soul

        • Ray Charles
        • Aretha Franklin
        • Marvin Gaye
        • Robert Johnson
        • B. B. King
        • The Supremes
        • Stevie Wonder

        • Electronic music

        • Brian Eno
        • Kraftwerk

        • Folk and country

        • Johnny Cash
        • Woody Guthrie
        • Joni Mitchell
        • Dolly Parton
        • Hank Williams

        • Funk

        • James Brown
        • Prince (musician)

        • Hip-hop and rap

        • Run-DMC
        • Tupac Shakur

        • Latin

        • Celia Cruz
        • Julio Iglesias
        • Astor Piazzolla
        • Selena

        • Flamenco

        • Paco de Lucía

        • Musical comedy and lyricists

        • Irving Berlin
        • Rodgers and Hammerstein
        • Andrew Lloyd Webber

        • Rock

        • The Beach Boys
        • The Beatles
        • John Lennon
        • Black Sabbath
        • Chuck Berry
        • David Bowie
        • The Doors
        • Bob Dylan
        • Jimi Hendrix
        • Buddy Holly
        • Janis Joplin
        • Led Zeppelin
        • Little Richard
        • Nirvana (band)
        • Pink Floyd
        • Elvis Presley
        • Queen (band)
        • The Rolling Stones

    • Directors, producers and screenwriters

      • Animators and puppeteers

      • Walt Disney
      • Hayao Miyazaki
      • Jim Henson

      • Directors

      • Woody Allen
      • Michelangelo Antonioni
      • Ingmar Bergman
      • Robert Bresson
      • Luis Buñuel
      • James Cameron
      • Frank Capra
      • Charlie Chaplin
      • Jean Cocteau
      • Francis Ford Coppola
      • Cecil B. DeMille
      • Vittorio De Sica
      • Carl Theodor Dreyer
      • Guru Dutt
      • Sergei Eisenstein
      • Federico Fellini
      • John Ford
      • Miloš Forman
      • Jean-Luc Godard
      • D. W. Griffith
      • Howard Hawks
      • Werner Herzog
      • Alfred Hitchcock
      • Raj Kapoor
      • Elia Kazan
      • Buster Keaton
      • Abbas Kiarostami
      • Akira Kurosawa
      • Stanley Kubrick
      • Fritz Lang
      • David Lean
      • Ang Lee
      • George Lucas
      • Auguste and Louis Lumière
      • Ida Lupino
      • David Lynch
      • Georges Méliès
      • Yasujirō Ozu
      • Roman Polanski
      • Satyajit Ray
      • Jean Renoir
      • Leni Riefenstahl
      • Martin Scorsese
      • Ousmane Sembène
      • Steven Spielberg
      • Quentin Tarantino
      • Andrei Tarkovsky
      • François Truffaut
      • Agnès Varda
      • Orson Welles
      • Billy Wilder
      • Wong Kar-wai
      • William Wyler

      • Producers and executives

      • Samuel Goldwyn
      • Louis B. Mayer
      • Irving Thalberg
      • Jack L. Warner

      • Screenwriter

      • Frances Marion

    • Businesspeople

    • John Jacob Astor
    • P. T. Barnum
    • Warren Buffett
    • Al Capone
    • Andrew Carnegie
    • Marcus Licinius Crassus
    • Pablo Escobar
    • Henry Ford
    • Jakob Fugger
    • Bill Gates
    • Howard Hughes
    • Steve Jobs
    • Estée Lauder (businesswoman)
    • Li Ka-shing
    • Andrew Mellon
    • Shigeru Miyamoto
    • J. P. Morgan
    • Elon Musk
    • John D. Rockefeller
    • Rothschild family
    • Carlos Slim
    • George Soros
    • Leland Stanford
    • Jamshedji Tata
    • Ted Turner
    • Cornelius Vanderbilt
    • Sam Walton
    • Josiah Wedgwood
    • George Westinghouse

    • Explorers

      • Ancient

      • Hanno the Navigator
      • Zhang Qian

      • Post-classical

      • Ibn Battuta
      • Leif Erikson
      • Marco Polo
      • Xuanzang
      • Zheng He

      • Early modern

      • Vitus Bering
      • Pedro Álvares Cabral
      • Jacques Cartier
      • Christopher Columbus
      • James Cook
      • Vasco da Gama
      • Ferdinand Magellan
      • Juan Ponce de León
      • Hernando de Soto
      • Abel Tasman
      • Amerigo Vespucci
      • Willem Barentsz

      • Modern

      • Roald Amundsen
      • Neil Armstrong
      • Amelia Earhart
      • Yuri Gagarin
      • Alexander von Humboldt
      • Charles Lindbergh
      • David Livingstone
      • Fridtjof Nansen
      • Robert Falcon Scott
      • Ernest Shackleton
      • Valentina Tereshkova

    • Philosophers, historians, political and social scientists

      • Philosophers

        • Ancient

        • Aristotle
        • Augustine of Hippo
        • Cicero
        • Confucius
        • Democritus
        • Diogenes
        • Epicurus
        • Han Fei
        • Heraclitus
        • Kaṇāda
        • Laozi
        • Li Si
        • Lucretius
        • Mencius
        • Plato
        • Plotinus
        • Seneca the Younger
        • Shang Yang
        • Socrates
        • Thales of Miletus
        • Xunzi (philosopher)

        • Post-classical

        • Peter Abelard
        • Averroes
        • Duns Scotus
        • Al-Farabi
        • Thomas Aquinas
        • William of Ockham
        • Zhu Xi

        • Early modern

        • Francis Bacon
        • Jeremy Bentham
        • George Berkeley
        • Giordano Bruno
        • René Descartes
        • Denis Diderot
        • Erasmus
        • Johann Gottlieb Fichte
        • David Hume
        • Immanuel Kant
        • Jean-Jacques Rousseau
        • Baruch Spinoza
        • Wang Yangming

        • Modern

        • Hannah Arendt
        • Simone de Beauvoir
        • Henri Bergson
        • Isaiah Berlin
        • Auguste Comte
        • Jacques Derrida
        • John Dewey
        • Frantz Fanon
        • Michel Foucault
        • Jürgen Habermas
        • Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
        • Martin Heidegger
        • Edmund Husserl
        • William James
        • Søren Kierkegaard
        • Marshall McLuhan
        • John Stuart Mill
        • Friedrich Nietzsche
        • Charles Sanders Peirce
        • Karl Popper
        • John Rawls
        • Bertrand Russell
        • Jean-Paul Sartre
        • Arthur Schopenhauer
        • Henry David Thoreau
        • Alfred North Whitehead
        • Ludwig Wittgenstein

      • Historians

        • Ancient

        • Eusebius
        • Herodotus
        • Josephus
        • Plutarch
        • Sima Qian
        • Tacitus
        • Thucydides
        • Xenophon

        • Post-classical

        • Bede
        • Jean Froissart
        • Geoffrey of Monmouth
        • Ibn Khaldun

        • Early modern

        • Edward Gibbon
        • Nikolay Karamzin
        • Giorgio Vasari

        • Modern

        • Charles A. Beard
        • Fernand Braudel
        • Eric Hobsbawm
        • Theodor Mommsen
        • Leopold von Ranke
        • A. J. P. Taylor
        • Frederick Jackson Turner

      • Social scientists, economists and political writers

        • Ancient

        • Chanakya
        • Pāṇini

        • Post-classical

        • Niccolò Machiavelli

        • Early modern

        • Cesare Beccaria
        • Edmund Burke
        • Hugo Grotius
        • Thomas Hobbes
        • Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
        • John Locke
        • Montesquieu
        • Thomas Paine
        • Adam Smith
        • Mary Wollstonecraft

        • Modern

        • Theodor W. Adorno
        • Mikhail Bakunin
        • Edward Bernays
        • Eduard Bernstein
        • Franz Boas
        • Pierre Bourdieu
        • Louis Braille
        • Noam Chomsky
        • W. E. B. Du Bois
        • Émile Durkheim
        • Friedrich Engels
        • Milton Friedman
        • John Kenneth Galbraith
        • Clifford Geertz
        • Antonio Gramsci
        • Friedrich Hayek
        • John Maynard Keynes
        • Peter Kropotkin
        • Claude Lévi-Strauss
        • Friedrich List
        • Karl Marx
        • Marcel Mauss
        • Bronisław Malinowski
        • Thomas Robert Malthus
        • Margaret Mead
        • Maria Montessori
        • Vilfredo Pareto
        • Talcott Parsons
        • Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
        • David Ricardo
        • Edward Said
        • Paul Samuelson
        • Ferdinand de Saussure
        • Heinrich Schliemann
        • Sequoyah
        • Herbert Spencer
        • Alexis de Tocqueville
        • Max Weber
        • Noah Webster

      • Psychologists

      • Gordon Allport
      • Albert Bandura
      • Raymond Cattell
      • Albert Ellis
      • Erik Erikson
      • Leon Festinger
      • Anna Freud
      • Sigmund Freud
      • Carl Jung
      • Kurt Lewin
      • Abraham Maslow
      • George Armitage Miller
      • Ivan Pavlov
      • Jean Piaget
      • Carl Rogers
      • B. F. Skinner
      • Edward Thorndike
      • Lev Vygotsky
      • John B. Watson
      • Wilhelm Wundt

    • Religious figures

      • Hinduism

        • Ancient

        • Kapila
        • Patanjali
        • Valmiki
        • Vyasa

        • Post-classical

        • Adi Shankara
        • Basava
        • Gaudapada
        • Kumārila Bhaṭṭa
        • Madhvacharya
        • Ramanuja

        • Modern

        • A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada
        • Chaitanya Mahaprabhu
        • Paramahansa Yogananda
        • Ramakrishna
        • Ramana Maharshi
        • Sri Aurobindo
        • Swami Vivekananda

      • Buddhism

      • The Buddha
      • 14th Dalai Lama
      • Nagarjuna
      • Padmasambhava

        • Chinese Buddhism

        • Bodhidharma
        • Kumārajīva
        • Lushan Huiyuan
        • Zhiyi
        • Huineng

        • Indian Buddhism

        • Ānanda
        • Maudgalyayana
        • Śāriputra
        • Vasubandhu

        • Japanese Buddhism

        • Dōgen
        • Kūkai

      • Abrahamic religions

        • Judaism

        • Baal Shem Tov
        • Rabbi Akiva
        • Judah Loew ben Bezalel
        • Maimonides
        • Rashi
        • Vilna Gaon

        • Christianity

        • Jesus
        • Mary, mother of Jesus
        • Mary Magdalene
        • John the Baptist
        • Judas Iscariot
        • Paul the Apostle
        • Saint Peter
        • John the Apostle
        • Ambrose
        • Arius
        • Athanasius of Alexandria
        • Basil of Caesarea
        • Benedict of Nursia
        • Clement of Alexandria
        • Cyril of Alexandria
        • Saint George
        • Gregory of Nazianzus
        • Gregory of Nyssa
        • Irenaeus
        • Jerome
        • John Chrysostom
        • John of Damascus
        • Cyril and Methodius
        • Saint Nicholas
        • Origen
        • Tertullian
        • Anselm of Canterbury
        • Bonaventure
        • Francis of Assisi
        • Jan Hus
        • Ignatius of Loyola
        • John of the Cross
        • Mother Teresa
        • Teresa of Ávila
        • Tomás de Torquemada
        • John Wycliffe
        • Francis Xavier
        • Clement of Rome
        • Pope Gregory I
        • Pope Leo I
        • Pope John XXIII
        • Pope John Paul II
        • Pope Pius IX
        • Patriarch Nikon of Moscow
        • Grigori Rasputin
        • Jacobus Arminius
        • Karl Barth
        • Dietrich Bonhoeffer
        • John Calvin
        • Thomas Cranmer
        • Jonathan Edwards (theologian)
        • Billy Graham
        • John Knox
        • Martin Luther
        • Philip Melanchthon
        • Desmond Tutu
        • John Wesley
        • Huldrych Zwingli
        • Mary Baker Eddy
        • Joseph Smith

        • Islam

        • Muhammad
        • Aisha
        • Fatima
        • Khadija bint Khuwaylid
        • Ali
        • Husayn ibn Ali
        • Ja'far al-Sadiq
        • Ahmad ibn Hanbal
        • Abu Hanifa
        • Malik ibn Anas
        • Muhammad al-Bukhari
        • Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj
        • Al-Shafi'i
        • Ibn Taymiyya
        • Al-Nawawi
        • Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab
        • Al-Ghazali
        • Ibn Arabi
        • Mulla Sadra

      • Others

        • Jainism

        • Mahavira

        • New religious movements

        • Baháʼu'lláh
        • Helena Blavatsky
        • Aleister Crowley

        • Sikhism

        • Guru Gobind Singh
        • Guru Nanak

        • Zoroastrianism

        • Zoroaster

    • Politicians and leaders

      • Ancient

        • Africa

        • Ezana of Axum
        • Gaiseric
        • Narmer
        • Thutmose I
        • Hatshepsut
        • Thutmose III
        • Akhenaten
        • Nefertiti
        • Tutankhamun
        • Ramesses II
        • Ramesses III
        • Ptolemy I Soter
        • Cleopatra

        • Asia

        • Cao Cao
        • Emperor Gaozu of Han
        • Gwanggaeto the Great
        • Modu Chanyu
        • Qin Shi Huang
        • Emperor Wu of Han
        • Yu the Great
        • Ajatashatru
        • Ashoka
        • Chandragupta II
        • Chandragupta Maurya
        • Kanishka
        • Menander I
        • Samudragupta
        • Ashurbanipal
        • Cyrus the Great
        • Darius the Great
        • Hammurabi
        • Mithridates VI Eupator
        • Nebuchadnezzar II
        • Puduḫepa
        • Sargon of Akkad
        • Tigranes the Great
        • Xerxes I
        • Zenobia
        • Antigonus I Monophthalmus
        • Antiochus III the Great
        • Seleucus I Nicator

        • Europe

        • Attila
        • Decebalus
        • Pyrrhus of Epirus
        • Alcibiades
        • Demosthenes
        • Draco (lawgiver)
        • Lycurgus
        • Pericles
        • Solon
        • Themistocles
        • Philip II of Macedon
        • Alexander the Great
        • Alaric I
        • Arminius
        • Boudica
        • Theodoric I
        • Vercingetorix
        • Augustus
        • Julius Caesar
        • Caligula
        • Cato the Elder
        • Constantine the Great
        • Diocletian
        • Domitian
        • Gracchi brothers
        • Hadrian
        • Marcus Aurelius
        • Nero
        • Theodosius I
        • Tiberius
        • Trajan

      • Post-classical

        • Africa

        • Amda Seyon I
        • Baybars
        • Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah
        • Mansa Musa
        • Abd Allah al-Mahdi Billah
        • Al-Nasir Muhammad

        • Americas

        • Moctezuma I
        • Pachacuti

        • Asia

        • Batu Khan
        • Bumin Qaghan
        • Hulegu Khan
        • Jochi
        • Khosrow I
        • Mahmud of Ghazni
        • Muhammad of Ghor
        • Muhammad II of Khwarazm
        • Nizam al-Mulk
        • Tamar of Georgia
        • Timur
        • Tokhtamysh
        • Tughril I
        • Ulugh Beg
        • Genghis Khan
        • Ögedei Khan
        • Sejong the Great
        • Taejo of Goryeo
        • Taejo of Joseon
        • Hongwu Emperor
        • Yang Guifei
        • Kublai Khan
        • Emperor Taizong of Tang
        • Emperor Xuanzong of Tang
        • Emperor Taizu of Song
        • Emperor Wen of Sui
        • Wu Zetian
        • Yongle Emperor
        • Anawrahta
        • Ramkhamhaeng
        • Gajah Mada
        • Jayavarman VII
        • Suryavarman II
        • Lê Lợi
        • Lê Thánh Tông
        • Trần Thánh Tông
        • Prithviraj Chauhan
        • Harsha
        • Alauddin Khalji
        • Rajaraja I
        • Saladin
        • Osman I
        • Mehmed II
        • Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan
        • Abu Bakr
        • Harun al-Rashid
        • Mu'awiya I
        • Umar
        • Uthman

        • Europe

        • Stefan Dušan
        • Stephen the Great
        • Svatopluk I of Moravia
        • Vlad the Impaler
        • Krum
        • Boris I of Bulgaria
        • Ivan Asen II
        • Justinian I
        • Heraclius
        • Basil II
        • Leo III the Isaurian
        • Manuel I Komnenos
        • Theodora (wife of Justinian I)
        • Stephen I of Hungary
        • Béla IV of Hungary
        • Louis I of Hungary
        • Matthias Corvinus
        • Bolesław I the Brave
        • Casimir III the Great
        • Gediminas
        • Władysław II Jagiełło
        • Mieszko I
        • Vytautas
        • Alexander Nevsky
        • Daniel of Galicia
        • Dmitry Donskoy
        • Ivan III of Russia
        • Vladimir the Great
        • Sviatoslav I
        • Yaroslav the Wise
        • Cnut
        • Margaret I of Denmark
        • Æthelstan
        • Alfred the Great
        • Edward I of England
        • Edward III of England
        • Henry II of England
        • Henry V of England
        • John, King of England
        • Richard I of England
        • Robert the Bruce
        • William the Conqueror
        • Clovis I
        • Charlemagne
        • Charles Martel
        • Louis XI
        • Louis the Pious
        • Eleanor of Aquitaine
        • Philip II of France
        • Louis IX of France
        • Philip IV of France
        • Charles the Fat
        • Henry the Lion
        • Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor
        • Frederick Barbarossa
        • Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
        • Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor
        • Otto the Great
        • Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor
        • Cesare Borgia
        • Cosimo de' Medici
        • Lorenzo de' Medici
        • Robert Guiscard
        • Roger II of Sicily
        • Girolamo Savonarola
        • Theodoric the Great
        • Pope Alexander VI
        • Pope Boniface VIII
        • Pope Gregory VII
        • Pope Innocent III
        • Pope Urban II
        • Abd al-Rahman I
        • Abd al-Rahman III
        • Afonso I of Portugal
        • Ferdinand II of Aragon
        • Prince Henry the Navigator
        • Isabella I of Castile

      • Early modern

        • Africa

        • Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi
        • Ahmad al-Mansur
        • Askia Muhammad I
        • Nzinga of Ndongo and Matamba
        • Zara Yaqob

        • Americas

        • Atahualpa
        • La Malinche
        • Moctezuma II
        • Tecumseh
        • Túpac Amaru
        • Túpac Amaru II
        • Benjamin Franklin
        • George Washington
        • John Adams
        • Thomas Jefferson
        • Alexander Hamilton
        • James Madison

        • Asia

        • Abbas the Great
        • Ahmad Shah Durrani
        • Babur
        • Humayun
        • Ismail I
        • Nader Shah
        • Jeongjo of Joseon
        • Seonjo of Joseon
        • Hong Taiji
        • Jiajing Emperor
        • Kangxi Emperor
        • Nurhaci
        • Qianlong Emperor
        • Wanli Emperor
        • Toyotomi Hideyoshi
        • Tokugawa Ieyasu
        • Oda Nobunaga
        • Akbar
        • Aurangzeb
        • Robert Clive
        • Hyder Ali
        • Prithvi Narayan Shah
        • Shah Jahan
        • Sher Shah Suri
        • Tipu Sultan
        • Shivaji
        • Krishnadevaraya
        • Sultan Agung of Mataram
        • Rama I
        • Iskandar Muda
        • Naresuan
        • Quang Trung
        • Alaungpaya
        • Bayinnaung
        • Tabinshwehti
        • Mehmed IV
        • Roxelana
        • Selim I
        • Selim III
        • Suleiman the Magnificent

        • Europe

        • Bohdan Khmelnytsky
        • Augustus II the Strong
        • John III Sobieski
        • Stephen Báthory
        • Sigismund III Vasa
        • Ivan the Terrible
        • Alexis of Russia
        • Peter the Great
        • Elizabeth of Russia
        • Catherine the Great
        • Frederick the Great
        • Frederick William I of Prussia
        • William the Silent
        • Charles I of England
        • Elizabeth I
        • George III
        • Henry VIII
        • James VI and I
        • Oliver Cromwell
        • Mary I of England
        • Mary, Queen of Scots
        • William III of England
        • William Blackstone
        • William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield
        • William Pitt the Younger
        • Robert Walpole
        • Catherine de' Medici
        • Francis I of France
        • Henry IV of France
        • Louis XIV
        • Louis XV
        • Louis XVI
        • Marie Antoinette
        • Cardinal Mazarin
        • Napoleon
        • Madame de Pompadour
        • Cardinal Richelieu
        • Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
        • Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
        • Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor
        • Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
        • Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
        • Maria Theresa
        • Charles XII of Sweden
        • Christina, Queen of Sweden
        • Gustavus Adolphus
        • Pope Julius II
        • Philip II of Spain
        • Philip V of Spain
        • Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal

        • Oceania

        • Kamehameha I

      • Modern

        • Africa

        • Idi Amin
        • Haile Selassie
        • Kenneth Kaunda
        • Jomo Kenyatta
        • Julius Nyerere
        • Menelik II
        • Rainilaiarivony
        • Tewodros II
        • Yohannes IV
        • Muammar Gaddafi
        • Isma'il Pasha of Egypt
        • Muhammad Ahmad
        • Muhammad Ali of Egypt
        • Gamal Abdel Nasser
        • Emir Abdelkader
        • Anwar Sadat
        • Hastings Banda
        • F. W. de Klerk
        • Patrice Lumumba
        • Nelson Mandela
        • Mobutu Sese Seko
        • Robert Mugabe
        • Cecil Rhodes
        • Shaka
        • Kofi Annan
        • Nnamdi Azikiwe
        • Kwame Nkrumah
        • Olusegun Obasanjo
        • Thomas Sankara
        • Léopold Sédar Senghor
        • Ellen Johnson Sirleaf

        • Americas

        • Salvador Allende
        • Simón Bolívar
        • Hugo Chávez
        • José de San Martín
        • Juan Perón
        • Augusto Pinochet
        • Antonio José de Sucre
        • Alfredo Stroessner
        • Pedro I of Brazil
        • Pedro II of Brazil
        • Getúlio Vargas
        • Fidel Castro
        • François Duvalier
        • Toussaint Louverture
        • Francisco Morazán
        • Rafael Trujillo
        • Porfirio Díaz
        • Benito Juárez
        • Antonio López de Santa Anna
        • George W. Bush
        • John C. Calhoun
        • Henry Clay
        • Dwight D. Eisenhower
        • J. Edgar Hoover
        • Andrew Jackson
        • Lyndon B. Johnson
        • John F. Kennedy
        • Abraham Lincoln
        • John Marshall
        • Richard Nixon
        • Barack Obama
        • James K. Polk
        • Ronald Reagan
        • Eleanor Roosevelt
        • Franklin D. Roosevelt
        • Theodore Roosevelt
        • Sitting Bull
        • Harry S. Truman
        • Donald Trump
        • Woodrow Wilson
        • John A. Macdonald
        • Pierre Trudeau

        • Asia

        • Ruhollah Khomeini
        • Mohammad Mosaddegh
        • Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
        • Mohammad Zahir Shah
        • Eduard Shevardnadze
        • Chiang Kai-shek
        • Soong Mei-ling
        • Empress Dowager Cixi
        • Deng Xiaoping
        • Jiang Qing
        • Mao Zedong
        • Puyi
        • Xi Jinping
        • Zhou Enlai
        • Hirohito
        • Emperor Meiji
        • Eisaku Satō
        • Hideki Tojo
        • Shinzo Abe
        • Kim Il Sung
        • Park Chung Hee
        • Syngman Rhee
        • Corazon Aquino
        • Chulalongkorn
        • Ferdinand Marcos
        • Ho Chi Minh
        • Lee Kuan Yew
        • Mahathir Mohamad
        • Ne Win
        • Pol Pot
        • D. S. Senanayake
        • Suharto
        • Sukarno
        • Benazir Bhutto
        • Muhammad Ali Jinnah
        • Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
        • George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston
        • Indira Gandhi
        • Jawaharlal Nehru
        • Vallabhbhai Patel
        • Manmohan Singh
        • Atal Bihari Vajpayee
        • Abdul Hamid II
        • Yasser Arafat
        • Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
        • David Ben-Gurion
        • Saddam Hussein
        • Ibn Saud
        • Mahmud II
        • Golda Meir
        • Talaat Pasha

        • Europe

        • Alexander Dubček
        • Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
        • Václav Havel
        • Franz Joseph I of Austria
        • Klemens von Metternich
        • Józef Piłsudski
        • Lech Wałęsa
        • Ion Antonescu
        • Nicolae Ceaușescu
        • Enver Hoxha
        • Slobodan Milošević
        • Ante Pavelić
        • Josip Broz Tito
        • Alexander I of Russia
        • Alexander II of Russia
        • Leonid Brezhnev
        • Mikhail Gorbachev
        • Nikita Khrushchev
        • Vladimir Lenin
        • Nicholas I of Russia
        • Nicholas II
        • Vladimir Putin
        • Joseph Stalin
        • Leon Trotsky
        • Boris Yeltsin
        • Gro Harlem Brundtland
        • Charles XIV John
        • Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim
        • Dag Hammarskjöld
        • Leopold II of Belgium
        • Georges Clemenceau
        • Charles de Gaulle
        • François Mitterrand
        • Louis Philippe I
        • Napoleon III
        • Adolphe Thiers
        • Konrad Adenauer
        • Otto von Bismarck
        • Willy Brandt
        • Joseph Goebbels
        • Adolf Hitler
        • Heinrich Himmler
        • Erich Honecker
        • Helmut Kohl
        • Angela Merkel
        • William I, German Emperor
        • Wilhelm II
        • Francisco Franco
        • Juan Carlos I
        • António de Oliveira Salazar
        • Michael Collins (Irish leader)
        • Charles Stewart Parnell
        • Éamon de Valera
        • Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour
        • Benito Mussolini
        • Robert Peel
        • Queen Victoria
        • William Ewart Gladstone
        • Benjamin Disraeli
        • David Lloyd George
        • Winston Churchill
        • Clement Attlee
        • Elizabeth II
        • Margaret Thatcher

        • Oceania

        • John Curtin

    • Military leaders and theorists

      • Ancient

      • Flavius Aetius
      • Hannibal
      • Leonidas I
      • Zhuge Liang
      • Mark Antony
      • Pompey
      • Scipio Africanus
      • Sulla
      • Sun Tzu

      • Post-classical

      • Amr ibn al-As
      • El Cid
      • Godfrey of Bouillon
      • Joan of Arc
      • John Hunyadi
      • Subutai
      • Trần Hưng Đạo
      • William Wallace
      • Jan Žižka
      • Khalid ibn al-Walid

      • Early modern

      • Afonso de Albuquerque
      • Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba
      • Hayreddin Barbarossa
      • John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough
      • Hernán Cortés
      • Michiel de Ruyter
      • Francis Drake
      • Miyamoto Musashi
      • Prince Eugene of Savoy
      • Francisco Pizarro
      • Alexander Suvorov
      • Yi Sun-sin

      • Modern

      • Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell
      • Carl von Clausewitz
      • Enver Pasha
      • Giuseppe Garibaldi
      • Hermann Göring
      • Ulysses S. Grant
      • Paul von Hindenburg
      • T. E. Lawrence
      • Robert E. Lee
      • Erich Ludendorff
      • Douglas MacArthur
      • Alfred Thayer Mahan
      • George C. Marshall
      • Helmuth von Moltke the Elder
      • Bernard Montgomery
      • Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson
      • Erwin Rommel
      • Võ Nguyên Giáp
      • Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington
      • Isoroku Yamamoto
      • Georgy Zhukov

    • Rebels, revolutionaries and activists

      • Ancient

      • Spartacus

      • Post-classical

      • Abu Muslim
      • Babak Khorramdin
      • Huang Chao

      • Early modern

        • Early modern: General

        • Blackbeard
        • Bartolomé de las Casas
        • Thomas Müntzer
        • Yemelyan Pugachev
        • William Wilberforce

        • France

        • Georges Danton
        • Jean-Paul Marat
        • Maximilien Robespierre

      • Modern

        • Americas

        • Marcus Garvey
        • Che Guevara
        • Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
        • Louis Riel
        • Pancho Villa
        • Emiliano Zapata
        • Jane Addams
        • Susan B. Anthony
        • Frederick Douglass
        • Betty Friedan
        • Helen Keller
        • Martin Luther King Jr.
        • Malcolm X
        • Harvey Milk
        • John Muir
        • Rosa Parks
        • Margaret Sanger
        • Elizabeth Cady Stanton
        • Sojourner Truth
        • Harriet Tubman
        • Booker T. Washington

        • Africa

        • Steve Biko
        • Sayyid Qutb
        • Ken Saro-Wiwa

        • Asia

        • B. R. Ambedkar
        • Aung San
        • Aung San Suu Kyi
        • Osama bin Laden
        • Subhas Chandra Bose
        • Diponegoro
        • Mahatma Gandhi
        • Hong Xiuquan
        • José Rizal
        • Rani of Jhansi
        • Sun Yat-sen
        • Bal Gangadhar Tilak

        • Europe

        • Henry Dunant
        • Emma Goldman
        • Theodor Herzl
        • Rosa Luxemburg
        • Emmeline Pankhurst

    • Scientists, inventors and mathematicians

      • Ancient figures

        • Ancient history

        • Apollonius of Perga
        • Archimedes
        • Diophantus
        • Eratosthenes
        • Euclid
        • Galen
        • Hipparchus
        • Hypatia
        • Hippocrates
        • Pliny the Elder
        • Ptolemy
        • Pythagoras
        • Zhang Heng

        • Post-classical history

        • Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi
        • Al-Biruni
        • Ibn al-Haytham
        • Aryabhata
        • Avicenna
        • Brahmagupta
        • Fibonacci
        • Jabir ibn Hayyan
        • Al-Khwarizmi
        • Abu Bakr al-Razi
        • Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
        • Shen Kuo

      • Physics

        • Early modern

        • William Gilbert (physicist)
        • Robert Hooke
        • Christiaan Huygens
        • Mikhail Lomonosov
        • Isaac Newton

        • Modern

        • Amedeo Avogadro
        • André-Marie Ampère
        • Henri Becquerel
        • Hans Bethe
        • Niels Bohr
        • Ludwig Boltzmann
        • Max Born
        • William Henry Bragg
        • Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot
        • Henry Cavendish
        • James Chadwick
        • Marie Curie
        • Pierre Curie
        • John Dalton
        • Paul Dirac
        • Albert Einstein
        • Michael Faraday
        • Enrico Fermi
        • Richard Feynman
        • Léon Foucault
        • Augustin-Jean Fresnel
        • Murray Gell-Mann
        • Stephen Hawking
        • Werner Heisenberg
        • Hermann von Helmholtz
        • Heinrich Hertz
        • James Prescott Joule
        • Charles K. Kao
        • Gustav Kirchhoff
        • Ernest Lawrence
        • Tsung-Dao Lee
        • Hendrik Lorentz
        • Ernst Mach
        • James Clerk Maxwell
        • Lise Meitner
        • Albert A. Michelson
        • Robert Andrews Millikan
        • Georg Ohm
        • J. Robert Oppenheimer
        • Hans Christian Ørsted
        • Wolfgang Pauli
        • Max Planck
        • C. V. Raman
        • Wilhelm Röntgen
        • Andrei Sakharov
        • Erwin Schrödinger
        • Edward Teller
        • J. J. Thomson
        • Lord Kelvin
        • Johannes Diderik van der Waals
        • Thomas Young (scientist)

        • Astronomy

        • Tycho Brahe
        • Nicolaus Copernicus
        • Galileo Galilei
        • Edmond Halley
        • Caroline Herschel
        • William Herschel
        • Edwin Hubble
        • Johannes Kepler
        • Georges Lemaître
        • Carl Sagan

      • Chemistry

      • Svante Arrhenius
      • Jöns Jacob Berzelius
      • Robert Boyle
      • Humphry Davy
      • Peter Debye
      • Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac
      • Josiah Willard Gibbs
      • Fritz Haber
      • Otto Hahn
      • Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff
      • Dorothy Hodgkin
      • Irving Langmuir
      • Antoine Lavoisier
      • Gilbert N. Lewis
      • Justus von Liebig
      • Dmitri Mendeleev
      • Linus Pauling
      • Joseph Priestley
      • Ernest Rutherford
      • Frederick Sanger
      • Harold Urey
      • Friedrich Wöhler
      • Robert Burns Woodward

      • Life sciences

        • Biology

        • Louis Agassiz
        • John James Audubon
        • Joseph Banks
        • Norman Borlaug
        • Rachel Carson
        • George Washington Carver
        • Edward Drinker Cope
        • Francis Crick
        • Georges Cuvier
        • Charles Darwin
        • Rosalind Franklin
        • Jane Goodall
        • Stephen Jay Gould
        • Ernst Haeckel
        • W. D. Hamilton
        • Joseph Dalton Hooker
        • Thomas Henry Huxley
        • Alfred Kinsey
        • Hans Krebs (biochemist)
        • Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
        • Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
        • Carl Linnaeus
        • Konrad Lorenz
        • Barbara McClintock
        • Gregor Mendel
        • Santiago Ramón y Cajal
        • Alfred Russel Wallace
        • Eugenius Warming
        • James Watson

        • Medicine

        • Claude Bernard
        • Alexander Fleming
        • Luigi Galvani
        • William Harvey
        • Edward Jenner
        • Robert Koch
        • Li Shizhen
        • Joseph Lister
        • Florence Nightingale
        • Paracelsus
        • Louis Pasteur
        • Jonas Salk
        • Ignaz Semmelweis
        • Andreas Vesalius

      • Physical geography

      • Jacques Cousteau
      • James Hutton
      • Charles Lyell
      • Marie Tharp
      • Alfred Wegener

      • Inventors and engineers

      • Leo Baekeland
      • John Logie Baird
      • John Bardeen
      • Alexander Graham Bell
      • Carl Benz
      • Isambard Kingdom Brunel
      • Emile Berliner
      • Wernher von Braun
      • Cai Lun
      • Wallace Carothers
      • Louis Daguerre
      • Rudolf Diesel
      • Lee de Forest
      • George Eastman
      • Thomas Edison
      • Gustave Eiffel
      • Philo Farnsworth
      • Robert Fulton
      • Robert H. Goddard
      • Johannes Gutenberg
      • Jack Kilby
      • Sergei Korolev
      • Guglielmo Marconi
      • Cyrus McCormick
      • Montgolfier brothers
      • Samuel Morse
      • Nicéphore Niépce
      • Alfred Nobel
      • Charles Algernon Parsons
      • William Shockley
      • George Stephenson
      • Nikola Tesla
      • Alessandro Volta
      • James Watt
      • Eli Whitney
      • Steve Wozniak
      • Wright brothers

      • Mathematicians

        • Early modern

        • Jean le Rond d'Alembert
        • Daniel Bernoulli
        • Jacob Bernoulli
        • Johann Bernoulli
        • Gerolamo Cardano
        • Leonhard Euler
        • Pierre de Fermat
        • Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
        • Blaise Pascal

        • Modern

        • Niels Henrik Abel
        • Stefan Banach
        • George Boole
        • Georg Cantor
        • Augustin-Louis Cauchy
        • Arthur Cayley
        • Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet
        • Ronald Fisher
        • Joseph Fourier
        • Gottlob Frege
        • Évariste Galois
        • Francis Galton
        • Carl Friedrich Gauss
        • Kurt Gödel
        • Alexander Grothendieck
        • William Rowan Hamilton
        • Charles Hermite
        • David Hilbert
        • Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi
        • Andrey Kolmogorov
        • Joseph-Louis Lagrange
        • Pierre-Simon Laplace
        • Nikolai Lobachevsky
        • Benoit Mandelbrot
        • Gaspard Monge
        • John von Neumann
        • Emmy Noether
        • Karl Pearson
        • Henri Poincaré
        • Siméon Denis Poisson
        • Srinivasa Ramanujan
        • Bernhard Riemann
        • Claude Shannon
        • Alfred Tarski
        • Karl Weierstrass
        • Hermann Weyl

      • Computer scientists

      • Charles Babbage
      • Tim Berners-Lee
      • Edsger W. Dijkstra
      • Douglas Engelbart
      • Grace Hopper
      • Donald Knuth
      • Ada Lovelace
      • Dennis Ritchie
      • Linus Torvalds
      • Alan Turing
      • Konrad Zuse

    • Sports figures

      • Individual sports

        • Athletics

        • Fanny Blankers-Koen
        • Usain Bolt
        • Sergey Bubka
        • Pierre de Coubertin
        • Hicham El Guerrouj
        • Haile Gebrselassie
        • Florence Griffith Joyner
        • Jackie Joyner-Kersee
        • Carl Lewis
        • Edwin Moses
        • Paavo Nurmi
        • Jesse Owens
        • Wilma Rudolph
        • Emil Zátopek

        • Auto racing

        • Juan Manuel Fangio
        • Enzo Ferrari
        • Michael Schumacher
        • Ayrton Senna

        • Biathlon

        • Ole Einar Bjørndalen

        • Boxing

        • Muhammad Ali
        • Joe Louis
        • Sugar Ray Robinson

        • Chess

        • Bobby Fischer
        • Garry Kasparov

        • Climbing and mountaineering

        • Edmund Hillary
        • Junko Tabei
        • Tenzing Norgay

        • Cycling

        • Eddy Merckx

        • Figure skating

        • Yuzuru Hanyu
        • Sonja Henie

        • Golf

        • Jack Nicklaus
        • Annika Sörenstam
        • Tiger Woods

        • Gymnastics

        • Nadia Comăneci
        • Larisa Latynina

        • Martial arts

        • Kanō Jigorō
        • Bruce Lee

        • Skiing

        • Marit Bjørgen
        • Ingemar Stenmark

        • Speed skating

        • Bonnie Blair
        • Eric Heiden

        • Swimming

        • Michael Phelps
        • Mark Spitz
        • Johnny Weissmuller

        • Tennis

        • Margaret Court
        • Roger Federer
        • Steffi Graf
        • Rod Laver
        • Suzanne Lenglen
        • Rafael Nadal
        • Martina Navratilova
        • Serena Williams

        • Wrestling

        • Aleksandr Karelin

        • Multiple sports

        • Jim Thorpe
        • Babe Didrikson Zaharias

      • Team sports

        • American football

        • Tom Brady
        • Jim Brown
        • Jerry Rice

        • Association football

        • Franz Beckenbauer
        • Johan Cruyff
        • Alfredo Di Stéfano
        • Mia Hamm
        • Diego Maradona
        • Lionel Messi
        • Pelé
        • Ronaldo (Brazilian footballer)
        • Cristiano Ronaldo
        • Lev Yashin
        • Zinedine Zidane
        • Marta (footballer)

        • Baseball

        • Hank Aaron
        • Ty Cobb
        • Willie Mays
        • Sadaharu Oh
        • Jackie Robinson
        • Babe Ruth

        • Basketball

        • Kareem Abdul-Jabbar
        • Wilt Chamberlain
        • LeBron James
        • Magic Johnson
        • Michael Jordan
        • James Naismith

        • Rugby union

        • Gareth Edwards
        • Jonah Lomu

        • Cricket

        • Don Bradman
        • W. G. Grace
        • Viv Richards
        • Garfield Sobers
        • Sachin Tendulkar
        • Shane Warne

        • Field hockey

        • Luciana Aymar
        • Dhyan Chand

        • Ice hockey

        • Wayne Gretzky
        • Gordie Howe

        • Rowing

        • Steve Redgrave

  • Philosophy and religion

    • Philosophy

      • Philosophy: General

      • Philosophy

      • Philosophy by region and period

      • Western philosophy
      • Ancient Greek philosophy
      • Medieval philosophy
      • Renaissance philosophy
      • Modern philosophy
      • Contemporary philosophy
      • Eastern philosophy
      • Chinese philosophy
      • Indian philosophy
      • Ancient philosophy

      • Philosophical schools and traditions

      • Analytic philosophy
      • Confucianism
      • Legalism (Chinese philosophy)
      • Phenomenology (philosophy)
      • Positivism
      • Pragmatism
      • Sophist
      • Stoicism
      • Thomism

      • Religious philosophy

      • Buddhist philosophy
      • Christian philosophy
      • Islamic philosophy

      • Philosophical branches, approaches and concepts

        • Ethics

        • Ethics
        • Free will
        • Good and evil
        • Conscience
        • Golden Rule
        • Is–ought problem
        • Morality
        • Plagiarism
        • Value (ethics)
        • Virtue
        • Wisdom
        • Consequentialism
        • Deontology
        • Humanism
        • Nihilism
        • Relativism
        • Utilitarianism

        • Logic

        • Logic
        • Argument
        • A priori and a posteriori
        • Critical thinking
        • Dialectic
        • Socratic method
        • Inference
        • Deductive reasoning
        • Fallacy
        • Inductive reasoning
        • Paradox
        • Thought experiment

        • Epistemology

        • Epistemology
        • Knowledge
        • Truth
        • Reason
        • Belief
        • Common sense
        • Concept
        • Experience
        • Occam's razor
        • Opinion
        • Worldview
        • Empiricism
        • Naturalism (philosophy)
        • Rationalism
        • Skepticism

        • Metaphysics

        • Metaphysics
        • Ontology
        • Abstraction
        • Causality (physics)
        • Existence
        • Mental representation
        • Reality
        • Determinism
        • Idealism
        • Materialism
        • Mind–body dualism
        • Monism
        • Theory of forms

        • Aesthetics

        • Aesthetics
        • Beauty

        • Philosophy of science

        • Philosophy of science
        • Fact
        • Hypothesis
        • Natural philosophy
        • Paradigm
        • Pseudoscience
        • Parapsychology
        • Reductionism
        • Theory

        • Other branches of philosophy

        • Philosophy of language
        • Meaning (philosophy)
        • Philosophy of mathematics
        • Philosophy of mind
        • Philosophy of religion
        • Political philosophy

    • Religion and spirituality

      • Religion and spirituality: General

      • Religion
      • Comparative religion
      • Folk religion
      • Mysticism
      • Theology

      • Deity

      • Deity
      • God
      • Goddess

      • Practices

      • Ritual
      • Prayer
      • Lord's Prayer
      • Meditation
      • Apologetics
      • Apostasy
      • Celibacy
      • Fasting
      • Heresy
      • Icon
      • Iconoclasm
      • Idolatry
      • Liturgy
      • Pilgrimage
      • Prophecy
      • Relic
      • Religious conversion
      • Sacrifice
      • Saint
      • Veneration of the dead
      • Worship

      • Beliefs

      • Spirituality
      • Animism
      • Astrology
      • Creation myth
      • Curse
      • Divination
      • Eschatology
      • Faith
      • Magic (supernatural)
      • Witchcraft
      • Mandate of Heaven
      • Origin myth
      • Religious experience
      • Sacredness
      • Supernatural
      • Superstition
      • Totem

      • Death

      • Burial
      • Cemetery
      • Cremation
      • Funeral
      • Mummy

      • Afterlife

      • Afterlife
      • Heaven
      • Hell
      • Incarnation
      • Reincarnation
      • Resurrection
      • Soul

      • Institutions

      • Altar
      • Anti-clericalism
      • Creed
      • Cult
      • Monastery
      • Priest
      • Schism
      • Sect
      • State religion
      • Temple

      • Theistic philosophies

      • Theism
      • Deism
      • Fundamentalism
      • Monotheism
      • Orthodoxy
      • Paganism
      • Panentheism
      • Pantheism
      • Polytheism
      • Syncretism

      • Non-theistic philosophies

      • Atheism
      • Agnosticism
      • Freethought
      • Secularism

    • Abrahamic religions

      • Main branches

      • Christianity
      • Islam
      • Judaism
      • Baháʼí Faith
      • Druze
      • Gnosticism
      • Rastafari

      • Common concepts

      • Bible
      • Old Testament
      • New Testament
      • Holy Spirit
      • Messiah
      • Predestination
      • Salvation
      • Sin
      • Ten Commandments

      • Judaism

      • Talmud
      • Torah
      • Halakha
      • Kashrut
      • Hebrew Bible
      • Rabbi
      • Synagogue
      • Conservative Judaism
      • Orthodox Judaism
      • Reform Judaism

      • Christianity

        • Branches

        • Catholic Church
        • Eastern Catholic Churches
        • Eastern Christianity
        • Eastern Orthodox Church
        • Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
        • Russian Orthodox Church
        • Oriental Orthodox Churches
        • Coptic Orthodox Church
        • Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
        • Nontrinitarianism
        • Jehovah's Witnesses
        • Mormonism
        • Unitarianism
        • Protestantism
        • Anglicanism
        • Arminianism
        • Baptists
        • Reformed Christianity
        • Evangelicalism
        • Lutheranism
        • Methodism
        • Pentecostalism
        • Quakers
        • Seventh-day Adventist Church

        • Concepts

        • Catholicity
        • Pope
        • Purgatory
        • Baptism
        • Church (congregation)
        • Church (building)
        • Ecumenism
        • Eucharist
        • Grace
        • Second Coming
        • Trinity

      • Islam

      • Islamic schools and branches
      • Sunni Islam
      • Shia Islam
      • Sufism
      • Quran
      • Allah
      • Five Pillars of Islam
      • Hajj
      • Fiqh
      • Hadith
      • Halal
      • Haram
      • Imam
      • Mosque
      • Sharia

    • Eastern religions

      • Major religions

      • Hinduism
      • Buddhism
      • Jainism
      • Sikhism
      • Taoism
      • Shinto
      • Manichaeism

      • Common concepts

      • Dhammapada
      • Dharma
      • Karma
      • Mantra
      • Om
      • Qi
      • Swastika
      • Tantra
      • Yin and yang
      • Yoga

      • Buddhism

      • Mahayana
      • Avalokiteśvara
      • Diamond Sutra
      • Theravada
      • Pali Canon
      • Vajrayana
      • Four Noble Truths
      • Nirvana
      • Zen

      • Hinduism

      • Bhagavad Gita
      • Vedas
      • Brahman
      • Kumbh Mela
      • Ramayana
      • Shaivism
      • Shaktism
      • Upanishads
      • Vaishnavism
      • Vedanta

      • Sikhism

      • Guru Granth Sahib
      • Golden Temple

      • Taoism

      • Tao Te Ching
      • Zhuangzi (book)

      • Shinto

      • Kojiki

    • Other religions

      • Other religions: General

      • Shamanism
      • Zoroastrianism
      • Avesta
      • Chinese folk religion
      • Haitian Vodou
      • Traditional African religions
      • Yoruba religion

      • Ancient religions

      • Prehistoric religion
      • Ancient Celtic religion
      • Ancient Egyptian religion
      • Ancient Greek religion
      • Ancient Mesopotamian religion
      • Aztec religion
      • Germanic paganism
      • Maya religion
      • Old Norse religion
      • Religion in ancient Rome
      • Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia
      • Slavic paganism

      • Western esotericism

      • Western esotericism
      • Freemasonry
      • New Age

      • New religious movements

      • New religious movement
      • Falun Gong
      • Modern paganism
      • Wicca
      • Satanism
      • Spiritualism (movement)

    • Mythology

      • Mythology: General

      • Folklore
      • Legendary creature
      • Myth
      • Comparative mythology
      • Paradise

      • By culture

      • Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology
      • Chinese mythology
      • Egyptian mythology
      • Greek mythology
      • Japanese mythology
      • Korean mythology
      • Mythologies of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas
      • Norse mythology
      • Persian mythology
      • Roman mythology

      • Abrahamic mythology

      • Abraham
      • Adam and Eve
      • Cain and Abel
      • Daniel (biblical figure)
      • David
      • Elijah
      • Ezra
      • Isaac
      • Isaiah
      • Ishmael
      • Jacob
      • Joseph (Genesis)
      • Moses
      • Noah
      • Solomon
      • Yahweh

      • Egyptian mythology

      • Amun
      • Anubis
      • Hathor
      • Horus
      • Isis
      • Osiris
      • Ra
      • Thoth

      • Hindu mythology

      • Brahma
      • Ganesha
      • Kali
      • Krishna
      • Rama
      • Shiva
      • Vishnu

      • Greco-Roman mythology

        • Greek mythological heroes

        • Achilles
        • Aeneas
        • Amazons
        • Heracles
        • Odysseus
        • Perseus

        • Greek deities

        • Aphrodite
        • Apollo
        • Artemis
        • Athena
        • Demeter
        • Hades
        • Hera
        • Hermes
        • Hephaestus
        • Poseidon
        • Titans
        • Zeus

        • Roman deities

        • Jupiter (god)
        • Mars (mythology)
        • Minerva
        • Venus (mythology)

      • Chinese mythology

      • Jade Emperor
      • Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors
      • Yellow Emperor

      • Mesopotamian mythology

      • Enki
      • Enlil
      • Inanna

      • Native American mythology

      • Coyote (mythology)
      • Great Spirit
      • Quetzalcōātl

      • Norse mythology

      • Odin
      • Freyja
      • Thor

      • Other mythology

        • African mythology

        • Anansi

        • Central Asia mythology

        • Tengri

        • Shinto mythology

        • Amaterasu

      • Mythological creatures

      • Angel
      • Centaur
      • Personifications of death
      • Demon
      • Lilith
      • Devil
      • Satan
      • Dragon
      • Fairy
      • Leprechaun
      • Ghost
      • Giant
      • Jinn
      • Mermaid
      • Minotaur
      • Pegasus
      • Phoenix (mythology)
      • Siren (mythology)
      • Sphinx
      • Unicorn
      • Vampire
      • Werewolf
      • Zombie

      • Mythological places

      • Atlantis
      • El Dorado

      • Mythological items

      • Holy Grail

  • Physical sciences

    • Basics

    • Science
    • Scientific method
    • Nature
    • Experiment
    • Field research
    • Laboratory
    • Observation
    • Scientific law
    • Research
    • Scientific modelling
    • Scientific theory

    • Measurement

      • Measurement: General

      • Measurement
      • Accuracy and precision
      • Metrology
      • Unit of measurement
      • Natural units
      • Planck units

      • Measurement systems

      • Metric system
      • International System of Units
      • United States customary units
      • Imperial units

      • Units of measurement

        • Time

        • Second
        • Minute
        • Hour
        • Day
        • Week
        • Month
        • Year

        • Dimensional space

        • Inch
        • Foot
        • Cubit
        • Metre
        • Mile
        • Nautical mile
        • Astronomical unit
        • Light-year
        • Parsec
        • Acre
        • Hectare
        • Gallon
        • Litre

        • Mechanics

        • Atmosphere
        • Calorie
        • Electronvolt
        • Joule
        • Newton
        • Pascal
        • Dalton (unit)
        • Kilogram
        • Ton
        • Pound
        • Ounce
        • Knot

        • Angle

        • Degree
        • Radian
        • Steradian

        • Light

        • Candela
        • Lumen
        • Lux

        • Temperature

        • Celsius
        • Fahrenheit
        • Kelvin

        • Electromagnetism

        • Ampere
        • Farad
        • Coulomb
        • Henry
        • Hertz
        • Ohm
        • Siemens
        • Tesla
        • Volt
        • Watt
        • Weber

        • Quantity

        • Mole
        • Byte
        • Bit

        • Radioactivity

        • Becquerel
        • Gray
        • Sievert

        • Other

        • Decibel

    • Astronomy

      • Basics

      • Astronomy
      • Astronomical object
      • Astrophysics
      • Extraterrestrial life

        • Observational astronomy

        • Observatory
        • Luminosity
        • Magnitude
        • Extinction

      • Astronomical objects

        • Solar System

        • Solar System
        • Sun
        • Mercury
        • Venus
        • Earth
        • Moon
        • Mars
        • Asteroid belt
        • Ceres
        • Jupiter
        • Io
        • Europa
        • Ganymede
        • Callisto
        • Saturn
        • Enceladus
        • Titan
        • Uranus
        • Neptune
        • Triton
        • Kuiper belt
        • Pluto
        • Eris
        • Oort cloud
        • Interplanetary medium

        • Notable stars

        • Alpha Centauri
        • Arcturus
        • Betelgeuse
        • Canopus
        • Capella
        • Polaris
        • Procyon
        • Rigel
        • Sirius
        • Vega

        • Notable galaxies

        • Local Group
        • Milky Way
        • Galactic Center
        • Sagittarius A*
        • Andromeda Galaxy
        • Large Magellanic Cloud
        • Small Magellanic Cloud
        • Triangulum Galaxy
        • Centaurus A
        • Messier 87
        • Pinwheel Galaxy
        • Whirlpool Galaxy

        • Notable nebulae

        • Carina Nebula
        • Crab Nebula
        • Eagle Nebula
        • Horsehead Nebula
        • Orion Nebula
        • Ring Nebula

        • Other notable objects

        • 3C 273
        • Cygnus X-1
        • Halley's Comet
        • Hyades
        • Omega Centauri
        • Pleiades
        • Virgo Supercluster
        • Virgo Cluster

      • Celestial mechanics and astrometry

        • Celestial mechanics

        • Celestial mechanics
        • Orbit
        • Barycenter (astronomy)
        • Tidal locking
        • Eclipse
        • Lunar eclipse
        • Solar eclipse
        • Kepler's laws of planetary motion
        • Lagrange point
        • Night
        • Orbital mechanics
        • Escape velocity
        • Geostationary orbit
        • Geosynchronous orbit
        • Gravitational acceleration
        • Gravity assist
        • Low Earth orbit

        • Celestial sphere

        • Celestial sphere
        • Astronomical coordinate systems
        • Equatorial coordinate system
        • Equinox
        • Ecliptic
        • Horizon
        • Solstice
        • Zodiac

        • Constellations

        • Constellation
        • Canis Major
        • Cassiopeia
        • Centaurus
        • Crux
        • Orion
        • Ursa Major
        • Ursa Minor

        • Astrometry

        • Astrometry
        • Albedo
        • Cosmic distance ladder
        • Parallax
        • Photometry

      • Galactic astronomy and extragalactic astronomy

        • Basics

        • Outer space
        • Galaxy
        • Black hole
        • Event horizon
        • Supermassive black hole
        • Galaxy groups and clusters
        • Supercluster
        • Interstellar medium
        • Nebula
        • Dark nebula
        • Molecular cloud
        • Great Attractor
        • H II region
        • Void (astronomy)
        • Cosmic ray

        • Galaxy morphological classification

        • Galaxy morphological classification
        • Spiral galaxy
        • Barred spiral galaxy
        • Elliptical galaxy
        • Lenticular galaxy
        • Irregular galaxy
        • Dwarf galaxy

        • Active galactic nucleus

        • Active galactic nucleus
        • Blazar
        • Quasar
        • Radio galaxy
        • Seyfert galaxy

      • Physical cosmology

      • Physical cosmology
      • Universe
      • Observable universe
      • Chronology of the universe
      • Ultimate fate of the universe
      • Big Bang
      • Cosmic inflation
      • Cosmic microwave background
      • Galaxy formation and evolution
      • Formation and evolution of the Solar System
      • Nebular hypothesis
      • Dark matter
      • Dark energy
      • Cosmological constant
      • Redshift
      • Hubble's law

      • Planetary science

      • Planet
      • Terrestrial planet
      • Giant planet
      • Exoplanet
      • Natural satellite
      • Comet
      • Minor planet
      • Asteroid
      • Dwarf planet
      • Meteoroid
      • Atmosphere
      • Meteor shower
      • Impact event
      • Ring system

      • Stellar astronomy

      • Star
      • Variable star
      • Supernova
      • Gamma-ray burst
      • Nova
      • Pulsar
      • Cepheid variable
      • Star system
      • Planetary system
      • Binary star
      • Star cluster
      • Stellar classification
      • Stellar evolution
      • Star formation
      • Starburst galaxy
      • Planetary nebula
      • Protostar
      • Main sequence
      • Giant star
      • Red giant
      • Supergiant
      • Wolf–Rayet star
      • White dwarf
      • Neutron star
      • Stellar kinematics
      • Stellar magnetic field
      • Stellar structure
      • Solar wind
      • Metallicity
      • Brown dwarf
      • Hertzsprung–Russell diagram

    • Chemistry

      • Chemistry: General

      • Chemistry
      • Organic chemistry
      • Inorganic chemistry
      • Physical chemistry
      • Electrochemistry
      • Electrolysis
      • Environmental chemistry
      • Medicinal chemistry
      • Nuclear chemistry
      • Nuclide
      • Organometallic chemistry
      • Phase diagram
      • Photochemistry
      • Polymer chemistry
      • Polymer
      • Quantum chemistry
      • Materials science
      • Alchemy
      • Chemical substance
      • Amount of substance
      • Chemical synthesis
      • Conservation of mass
      • pH

      • Chemical reactions

      • Chemical reaction
      • Acid–base reaction
      • Catalysis
      • Chemical equation
      • Chemical equilibrium
      • Chemical formula
      • Chemical kinetics
      • Combustion
      • Corrosion
      • Redox
      • Haber process
      • Radical
      • Reaction mechanism
      • Substitution reaction

      • Chemical bonds

      • Chemical bond
      • Molecule
      • Ionic bonding
      • Covalent bond
      • Metallic bonding
      • Intermolecular force
      • Hydrogen bond
      • Valence bond theory

      • Separation processes

      • Chromatography
      • Distillation
      • Filtration

      • Analytical chemistry

      • Analytical chemistry
      • Spectroscopy
      • Absorption spectroscopy
      • Mass spectrometry

      • Chemical substances

        • Chemical elements

        • Chemical element
        • Periodic table
        • Allotropy
        • Atomic number
        • Atomic mass
        • Metal
        • Alkali metal
        • Alkaline earth metal
        • Lanthanide
        • Actinide
        • Transition metal
        • Metalloid
        • Halogen
        • Noble gas
        • Synthetic element
        • Hydrogen
        • Helium
        • Lithium
        • Beryllium
        • Boron
        • Carbon
        • Diamond
        • Graphite
        • Carbon nanotube
        • Nitrogen
        • Oxygen
        • Ozone
        • Fluorine
        • Neon
        • Sodium
        • Magnesium
        • Aluminium
        • Silicon
        • Phosphorus
        • Sulfur
        • Chlorine
        • Argon
        • Potassium
        • Calcium
        • Scandium
        • Titanium
        • Vanadium
        • Chromium
        • Manganese
        • Iron
        • Cobalt
        • Nickel
        • Copper
        • Zinc
        • Gallium
        • Germanium
        • Arsenic
        • Selenium
        • Bromine
        • Krypton
        • Rubidium
        • Strontium
        • Yttrium
        • Zirconium
        • Niobium
        • Molybdenum
        • Technetium
        • Ruthenium
        • Rhodium
        • Palladium
        • Silver
        • Cadmium
        • Indium
        • Tin
        • Antimony
        • Tellurium
        • Iodine
        • Xenon
        • Caesium
        • Barium
        • Lanthanum
        • Cerium
        • Praseodymium
        • Neodymium
        • Promethium
        • Samarium
        • Europium
        • Gadolinium
        • Terbium
        • Dysprosium
        • Holmium
        • Erbium
        • Thulium
        • Ytterbium
        • Lutetium
        • Hafnium
        • Tantalum
        • Tungsten
        • Rhenium
        • Osmium
        • Iridium
        • Platinum
        • Gold
        • Mercury (element)
        • Thallium
        • Lead
        • Bismuth
        • Polonium
        • Astatine
        • Radon
        • Francium
        • Radium
        • Actinium
        • Thorium
        • Protactinium
        • Uranium
        • Neptunium
        • Plutonium
        • Americium
        • Curium
        • Berkelium
        • Californium

        • Chemical compounds

        • Chemical compound
        • Inorganic compound
        • Organic compound
        • Water
        • Properties of water
        • Ice
        • Water vapor
        • Oxide
        • Carbon dioxide
        • Carbon monoxide
        • Nitrous oxide
        • Titanium dioxide
        • Hydrogen peroxide
        • Cyanide
        • Acid
        • Boric acid
        • Hydrochloric acid
        • Hydrofluoric acid
        • Nitric acid
        • Phosphoric acid
        • Sulfuric acid
        • Base
        • Ammonia
        • Potassium hydroxide
        • Sodium hydroxide
        • Salt (chemistry)
        • Carbonate
        • Calcium carbonate
        • Sodium bicarbonate
        • Sodium carbonate
        • Chloride
        • Calcium chloride
        • Polyvinyl chloride
        • Sodium chloride
        • Nitrate
        • Ammonium nitrate
        • Potassium nitrate
        • Sodium nitrate
        • Silicate
        • Sodium silicate
        • Sulfate
        • Alum
        • Sodium sulfate
        • Ammonium sulfate
        • Magnesium sulfate
        • Haloalkane
        • Organophosphorus chemistry
        • Organosilicon chemistry
        • Silicone
        • Organosulfur chemistry
        • Thiol
        • Amide
        • Urea
        • Nylon
        • Amine
        • Alcohol
        • Ethanol
        • Methanol
        • Aldehyde
        • Formaldehyde
        • Carboxylic acid
        • Acetic acid
        • Citric acid
        • Lactic acid
        • Ester
        • Polyester
        • Ether
        • Ketone
        • Acetone
        • Phenol
        • Tannin
        • Hydrocarbon
        • Alkane
        • Butane
        • Ethane
        • Methane
        • Propane
        • Alkene
        • Ethylene
        • Polyethylene
        • Propylene
        • Polypropylene
        • Aromatic compound
        • Benzene
        • Alkyne

        • Chemical mixtures

        • Alloy
        • Mixture
        • Aerosol
        • Amalgam
        • Colloid
        • Dispersion
        • Emulsion
        • Foam
        • Gel
        • Solution
        • Suspension
        • Syngas
        • Brass
        • Bronze
        • Cast iron
        • Steel
        • Stainless steel
        • Wrought iron

    • Earth science

      • Basics

      • Earth science
      • Natural resource

      • Natural disasters

      • Natural disaster
      • Earthquake
      • Flood
      • Drought
      • Avalanche
      • Landslide
      • Tsunami
      • Wildfire

      • Earth

        • Earth: General

        • Internal structure of Earth

        • Geology

        • Geology
        • Plate tectonics
        • Fold
        • Meteorite
        • Impact crater
        • Lithosphere
        • Crust
        • Fault
        • Stratigraphy
        • Thrust fault
        • Mineral
        • Mineralogy
        • Gemstone
        • Feldspar
        • Kaolinite
        • Pyroxene
        • Quartz
        • Talc
        • Mica
        • Gypsum
        • Asbestos
        • Emerald
        • Jade
        • Sapphire
        • Ruby
        • Amber
        • Ivory
        • Pearl
        • Petrology
        • Rock
        • Ore
        • Igneous rock
        • Basalt
        • Granite
        • Magma
        • Tuff
        • Sedimentary rock
        • Limestone
        • Clay
        • Sand
        • Oil shale
        • Sandstone
        • Bauxite
        • Metamorphic rock
        • Schist
        • Marble
        • Gneiss
        • Slate
        • Conglomerate
        • Breccia
        • Gravel

        • Geophysics

        • Geodesy
        • Geophysics
        • Earth's inner core
        • Earth's magnetic field
        • Earth's outer core
        • Mantle
        • Seismology

        • Geomorphology

        • Geomorphology
        • Erosion
        • Weathering
        • Landform
        • Land
        • Continent
        • Mountain
        • Mountain range
        • Hill
        • Valley
        • Plateau
        • Mesa
        • Plain
        • Sedimentary basin
        • Alluvial fan
        • Beach
        • Canyon
        • Cliff
        • Floodplain
        • Meander
        • Oasis
        • Rapids
        • Waterfall
        • Glacial landform
        • Fjord
        • Moraine
        • Cave
        • Karst
        • Abyssal plain
        • Archipelago
        • Bay
        • Coast
        • Continental shelf
        • Coral reef
        • Atoll
        • Lagoon
        • Oceanic trench
        • Peninsula
        • Island
        • Seamount
        • Volcano
        • Geyser
        • Hotspot
        • Lava
        • Mid-ocean ridge
        • Aeolian processes
        • Dune
        • Artificial island
        • Land reclamation
        • Polder

        • Geological history

        • History of Earth
        • Geological history of Earth
        • Geochronology
        • Geologic time scale
        • Great Oxidation Event
        • Cambrian explosion
        • Extinction event
        • Late Ordovician mass extinction
        • Late Devonian extinction
        • Permian–Triassic extinction event
        • Triassic–Jurassic extinction event
        • Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event
        • Ice age
        • Pangaea
        • Precambrian
        • Phanerozoic
        • Paleozoic
        • Cambrian
        • Permian
        • Mesozoic
        • Triassic
        • Jurassic
        • Cretaceous
        • Cenozoic
        • Paleogene
        • Neogene
        • Quaternary
        • Holocene

        • Biomes

        • Desert
        • Tundra
        • Shrubland
        • Forest
        • Jungle
        • Mangrove
        • Taiga
        • Rainforest
        • Tropical rainforest
        • Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
        • Grassland
        • Meadow
        • Prairie
        • Savanna
        • Steppe
        • Wetland
        • Swamp
        • Marsh
        • Bog

        • Pedology

        • Soil
        • Peat
        • Soil formation
        • Pedosphere
        • Sediment
        • Soil fertility
        • Soil science

      • Air

        • Atmosphere

        • Atmosphere of Earth
        • Air mass
        • Atmospheric pressure
        • Atmospheric science
        • Ozone depletion
        • Aurora
        • Mirage
        • Rainbow
        • Sky

        • Climatology

        • Climatology
        • Climate
        • Climate change
        • Greenhouse effect
        • Climate variability and change
        • El Niño–Southern Oscillation
        • Köppen climate classification
        • Temperate climate
        • Tropical climate

        • Meteorology

        • Meteorology
        • Weather
        • Weather front
        • Weather forecasting
        • Humidity
        • Low-pressure area
        • Cloud
        • Cirrus cloud
        • Cumulonimbus cloud
        • Cumulus cloud
        • Fog
        • Precipitation
        • Rain
        • Snow
        • Acid rain
        • Hail
        • Dew
        • Frost
        • Season
        • Spring (season)
        • Summer
        • Autumn
        • Winter
        • Atmospheric circulation
        • Anticyclone
        • Cyclone
        • Extratropical cyclone
        • Hadley cell
        • Polar vortex
        • Walker circulation
        • Storm
        • Tornado
        • Tropical cyclone
        • Blizzard
        • Dust storm
        • Lightning
        • Thunderstorm
        • Wind
        • Jet stream
        • Monsoon
        • Trade winds

      • Water

        • Water: General

        • Hydrosphere
        • Cryosphere

        • Glaciology

        • Glacier
        • Ice sheet
        • Ice shelf
        • Iceberg
        • Sea ice
        • Permafrost

        • Oceanography

        • Oceanography
        • Sea
        • Ocean
        • Tide
        • Sea level
        • Seabed
        • Ocean current
        • Thermohaline circulation

        • Hydrology

        • Hydrology
        • Water cycle
        • Groundwater
        • Spring (hydrology)
        • Hydrography
        • Limnology
        • Lake
        • Dry lake
        • Pond
        • River
        • Drainage basin
        • Estuary
        • River delta

    • Physics

      • Basics

      • Physics
      • Energy
      • Conservation of energy
      • Matter
      • Atom
      • Force
      • Electromagnetism
      • Gravity
      • Strong interaction
      • Weak interaction
      • Spacetime
      • Space
      • Vacuum
      • Time
      • Mass–energy equivalence
      • Quantum gravity
      • Radiation
      • Ionizing radiation
      • Field (physics)
      • Flux
      • Gauge theory
      • Symmetry (physics)
      • Theoretical physics

      • Atomic, molecular and optical physics

        • Atomic physics

        • Atomic physics
        • Atomic nucleus
        • Atomic orbital
        • History of atomic theory
        • Binding energy
        • Bohr model
        • Bremsstrahlung
        • Electron configuration
        • Electron shell
        • Energy level
        • Rutherford scattering experiments
        • Ion
        • Isotope

        • Molecular physics

        • Molecular orbital
        • Molecular orbital theory

        • Optics

        • Optics
        • Focus
        • Focal length
        • Polarization
        • Reflection
        • Refraction
        • Refractive index
        • Transparency and translucency

      • Color

        • Basics

        • Color
        • CMYK color model
        • Color theory
        • Primary color
        • Gloss (optics)
        • RGB color model

        • Color terms

        • White
        • Black
        • Grey
        • Red
        • Orange
        • Yellow
        • Green
        • Blue
        • Pink
        • Purple
        • Brown

      • Condensed matter physics

        • Basics

        • Condensed matter physics
        • Solid-state physics
        • Amorphous solid

        • Crystallography

        • Crystallography
        • Crystal
        • Crystallization

        • States of matter

        • State of matter
        • Solid
        • Liquid
        • Gas
        • Vapor
        • Plasma
        • Degenerate matter
        • Bose–Einstein condensate

        • Phase transitions

        • Phase transition
        • Phase
        • Boiling
        • Melting
        • Freezing
        • Evaporation
        • Condensation
        • Ionization
        • Sublimation
        • Critical point
        • Triple point

      • Electromagnetism

        • Basics

        • Electricity
        • Magnetism
        • Ferromagnetism
        • Magnet
        • Electromagnet
        • Dielectric
        • Dipole
        • Metamaterial
        • Oil drop experiment
        • Photoelectric effect

        • Electrostatics

        • Electrostatics
        • Coulomb's law
        • Electric charge
        • Electric field
        • Electric potential

        • Electrodynamics

        • Electromagnetic radiation
        • Electromagnetic spectrum
        • Radio wave
        • Microwave
        • Infrared
        • Visible spectrum
        • Ultraviolet
        • X-ray
        • Fluorescence
        • Electromagnetic field
        • Electromagnetic induction
        • Electromotive force
        • Lorentz force
        • Eddy current
        • Maxwell's equations

        • Magnetism

        • Magnetic field
        • Magnetostatics

        • Electrical circuits

        • Electric current
        • Alternating current
        • Direct current
        • Electrical network
        • Electrical impedance
        • Electrical resistance and conductance
        • Ohm's law
        • Capacitance
        • Semiconductor
        • Superconductivity
        • Gain (electronics)
        • Inductance
        • Kirchhoff's circuit laws

      • Mechanics

        • Basics

        • Mechanics
        • Ballistics
        • Continuum mechanics
        • Kinematics
        • Relativistic mechanics
        • Statics
        • Oscillation
        • Harmonic oscillator
        • Simple harmonic motion

        • Quantum mechanics

        • Quantum mechanics
        • Pauli exclusion principle
        • Quantum chromodynamics
        • Quantum electrodynamics
        • Quantum entanglement
        • Quantum field theory
        • Quantum tunnelling
        • Schrödinger equation
        • Uncertainty principle
        • Wave function
        • Wave–particle duality

        • Classical mechanics

        • Classical mechanics
        • Hamiltonian mechanics
        • Lagrangian mechanics
        • Mass
        • Density
        • Momentum
        • Motion
        • Newton's laws of motion
        • Speed
        • Acceleration
        • Velocity
        • Equations of motion
        • Kinetic energy
        • Potential energy
        • Inertia
        • Moment of inertia
        • Friction
        • Impulse
        • Power
        • Work
        • Rotation
        • Angular momentum
        • Centripetal force
        • Coriolis force
        • Torque
        • Weight
        • Weighing scale
        • Frame of reference
        • Newton's law of universal gravitation

        • Fluid mechanics

        • Fluid mechanics
        • Fluid dynamics
        • Aerodynamics
        • Bernoulli's principle
        • Buoyancy
        • Convection
        • Drag
        • Diffusion
        • Flight
        • Lift (force)
        • Navier–Stokes equations
        • Osmosis
        • Reynolds number
        • Surface tension
        • Turbulence
        • Viscosity

        • Solid mechanics

        • Solid mechanics
        • Deformation
        • Elastic modulus
        • Elasticity
        • Fatigue
        • Hooke's law
        • Plasticity
        • Stiffness
        • Strength of materials
        • Stress (mechanics)

        • Statistical mechanics

        • Statistical mechanics

      • Nuclear physics

      • Nuclear physics
      • Nuclear fission
      • Nuclear fusion
      • Nucleosynthesis
      • Radioactive decay
      • Alpha particle
      • Beta particle
      • Gamma ray

      • Particle physics

        • Particle physics: General

        • Particle physics
        • Standard Model
        • Physics beyond the Standard Model
        • String theory
        • Supersymmetry
        • Particle
        • Particle accelerator
        • Large Hadron Collider
        • Tevatron
        • Particle detector
        • Cloud chamber
        • Scattering
        • Spin

        • Subatomic particles

        • Subatomic particle
        • Fermion
        • Lepton
        • Electron
        • Muon
        • Tau
        • Neutrino
        • Quark
        • Hadron
        • Baryon
        • Neutron
        • Proton
        • Meson
        • Boson
        • Gauge boson
        • Photon
        • Gluon
        • W and Z bosons
        • Higgs boson

        • Antimatter

        • Antimatter
        • Antiparticle
        • Positron

      • Theory of relativity

      • Theory of relativity
      • General relativity
      • Special relativity
      • Principle of relativity
      • Equivalence principle
      • Gravitational wave
      • Lorentz transformation
      • Michelson–Morley experiment

      • Thermodynamics

      • Thermodynamics
      • Heat
      • Temperature
      • Absolute zero
      • Pressure
      • Laws of thermodynamics
      • Heat capacity
      • Heat transfer
      • Entropy
      • Enthalpy
      • Black-body radiation
      • Internal energy
      • Thermodynamic cycle
      • Thermodynamic free energy
      • Ideal gas law

      • Waves

      • Wave
      • Light
      • Speed of light
      • Acoustics
      • Sound
      • Speed of sound
      • Ultrasound
      • Amplitude
      • Frequency
      • Wavelength
      • Diffraction
      • Doppler effect
      • Wave interference
      • Noise
      • Resonance
      • Superposition principle
      • Wave equation

  • Society and social sciences

    • Society and social sciences: General

    • Communication
    • Nonverbal communication
    • Body language
    • Social science
    • Humanities
    • Information
    • Meme
    • Safety

    • Anthropology

    • Anthropology
    • Linguistic anthropology

      • Societal adaptations

      • Farmer
      • Hunter-gatherer
      • Nomad

    • Business and economics

      • Business and economics: General

      • Business
      • Company
      • Corporation
      • Multinational corporation
      • Partnership
      • E-commerce
      • Economics
      • Macroeconomics
      • Microeconomics
      • Econometrics
      • Economic growth
      • Economy
      • Economy of China
      • Economy of the European Union
      • Economy of the United States
      • Gross domestic product
      • Goods
      • Service
      • Inflation
      • Deflation
      • Labour economics
      • Market
      • Black market
      • Market failure
      • Monopoly
      • Perfect competition
      • Supply and demand
      • Productivity
      • Subsidy
      • Price
      • Tax
      • Income tax
      • Property tax
      • Sales tax
      • Value-added tax
      • Trade
      • International trade
      • Protectionism
      • Management
      • Logistics
      • Marketing
      • Advertising
      • Brand
      • Sales
      • Retail
      • Shopping
      • Shopping mall
      • Supermarket
      • Property
      • Capital (economics)
      • Agriculture
      • Construction
      • Energy industry
      • Film industry
      • Fishing industry
      • Forestry
      • Fur trade
      • Hunting
      • Fishing
      • Whaling
      • Manufacturing
      • Aerospace manufacturer
      • Automotive industry
      • Chemical industry
      • Clothing industry
      • Food industry
      • Textile manufacturing
      • Mining
      • Music industry
      • Insurance
      • Investment
      • Derivative (finance)
      • Real estate
      • Stock
      • Stock exchange
      • New York Stock Exchange
      • London Stock Exchange

      • Banking and finance

        • Banking and finance: General

        • Accounting
        • Bank
        • Bankruptcy
        • Cheque
        • Debit card
        • Debt
        • Credit card
        • Interest
        • Loan
        • Mortgage
        • Finance

        • Money

        • Money
        • Currency
        • Banknote
        • Coin
        • Exchange rate

        • Specific currencies

        • Euro
        • Japanese yen
        • Pound sterling
        • Renminbi
        • United States dollar

      • Employment

      • Domestic worker
      • Employment
      • Layoff
      • Retirement
      • Pension
      • Unemployment
      • Wage
      • Work

      • Companies

        • Companies: General

        • Alibaba Group
        • Amazon
        • Apple Inc.
        • AT&T
        • Facebook
        • General Electric
        • Google
        • YouTube
        • IBM
        • McDonald's
        • Microsoft
        • Nestlé
        • Samsung
        • Standard Oil
        • Walmart
        • Wikipedia

        • Car companies

        • Ford Motor Company
        • General Motors
        • Toyota
        • Volkswagen

        • Media companies

        • Nintendo
        • The Walt Disney Company

    • Culture

      • Basics

      • Culture
      • Cultural heritage
      • Popular culture
      • Cultural assimilation
      • Tradition
      • Oral tradition
      • Greeting
      • Body modification
      • Body piercing
      • Circumcision
      • Female genital mutilation
      • Tattoo
      • Taboo
      • Human cannibalism

      • Festivals, holidays, and observances

      • Birthday
      • Festival
      • Carnival
      • Harvest festival
      • Holi
      • Diwali
      • World's fair
      • Holiday
      • Christmas
      • Easter
      • Pentecost
      • Halloween
      • New Year
      • New Year's Day
      • Chinese New Year
      • Rosh Hashanah
      • Nowruz
      • Passover
      • Yom Kippur
      • Ramadan
      • Eid al-Fitr
      • Sabbath

    • Education

      • Education: General

      • Education
      • Early childhood education
      • Primary education
      • Secondary education
      • Learning
      • Skill
      • Library
      • School
      • Boarding school
      • Curriculum
      • Teacher
      • Test
      • University
      • College

      • Libraries

        • Africa

        • Library of Alexandria

        • Americas

        • Library of Congress

        • Europe

        • Vatican Library
        • British Library

      • Educational institutions

        • Africa

        • Al-Azhar University

        • Americas

        • National Autonomous University of Mexico
        • University of Toronto
        • University of Chicago
        • California Institute of Technology
        • Harvard University
        • Columbia University
        • Johns Hopkins University
        • Massachusetts Institute of Technology
        • Princeton University
        • Stanford University
        • University of California, Berkeley
        • Yale University

        • Asia

        • Indian Institutes of Technology
        • Peking University
        • Tsinghua University
        • Kyoto University
        • University of Tokyo

        • Europe

        • Moscow State University
        • University of Copenhagen
        • University of Paris
        • University of Vienna
        • ETH Zurich
        • Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
        • Humboldt University of Berlin
        • University of Göttingen
        • Heidelberg University
        • University of Bologna
        • Sapienza University of Rome
        • University of Cambridge
        • University of Oxford

    • Ethnology

      • Ethnology: General

      • Ethnology
      • Ethnicity
      • Indigenous peoples
      • Diaspora
      • Ethnocentrism
      • Ethnography
      • Self-determination

      • Ethnic groups

      • Aboriginal Australians
      • Adivasi
      • African Pygmies
      • Arabs
      • Bedouin
      • Austronesian peoples
      • Bantu peoples
      • Zulu people
      • Basques
      • Berbers
      • Han Chinese
      • Hmong people
      • Indigenous peoples of the Americas
      • Cherokee
      • Inuit
      • Iroquois
      • Maya peoples
      • Navajo
      • Quechua people
      • Sioux
      • Jews
      • Kurds
      • Maasai people
      • Māori people
      • Romani people
      • Sámi people
      • San people
      • Slavs
      • Tibetans
      • Uyghurs
      • Yoruba people

    • International organizations

      • United Nations organizations

      • United Nations
      • International Atomic Energy Agency
      • International Court of Justice
      • International Criminal Court
      • International Monetary Fund
      • UNESCO
      • UNICEF
      • World Bank Group
      • World Health Organization
      • World Trade Organization

      • Governmental organizations

      • African Union
      • Arab League
      • ASEAN
      • Commonwealth of Independent States
      • Commonwealth of Nations
      • Council of Europe
      • European Union
      • G20
      • Interpol
      • League of Nations
      • NATO
      • North American Free Trade Agreement
      • OECD
      • OPEC
      • Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
      • Organization of American States

      • Non-governmental organizations

      • International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
      • Nobel Prize
      • Scouting

    • Language

      • Basics

      • Language
      • Origin of language
      • Grammar
      • Syntax
      • Sentence
      • Clause
      • Phrase
      • Proverb
      • Noun
      • Name
      • Personal name
      • Surname
      • Verb
      • Grammatical tense
      • Adjective
      • Adverb
      • Pronoun
      • Adposition
      • Conjunction
      • Interjection
      • Linguistics
      • Comparative linguistics
      • Historical linguistics
      • Etymology
      • Linguistic typology
      • Literacy
      • Reading
      • Morphology
      • Morpheme
      • Phonetics
      • Consonant
      • International Phonetic Alphabet
      • Prosody
      • Vowel
      • Phonology
      • Phoneme
      • Syllable
      • Rhetoric
      • Semantics
      • Euphemism
      • Profanity
      • Semiotics
      • Pragmatics
      • Symbol
      • Sociolinguistics
      • Accent
      • Dialect
      • Diglossia
      • Endangered language
      • Language death
      • Multilingualism
      • Slang
      • Speech
      • Speech act
      • Translation
      • Word
      • Writing
      • Alphabet
      • Letter
      • Orthography
      • Transliteration
      • Writing system

      • Language families

      • Language family
      • Afroasiatic languages
      • Semitic languages
      • Algic languages
      • Austroasiatic languages
      • Austronesian languages
      • Creole language
      • Dravidian languages
      • Eskaleut languages
      • Indo-European languages
      • Indo-Aryan languages
      • Romance languages
      • Germanic languages
      • Iranian languages
      • Slavic languages
      • Kartvelian languages
      • Khoisan languages
      • Kra–Dai languages
      • Niger–Congo languages
      • Bantu languages
      • Nilo-Saharan languages
      • North Caucasian languages
      • Sign language
      • Sino-Tibetan languages
      • Trans–New Guinea languages
      • Turkic languages
      • Uralic languages
      • Uto-Aztecan languages

      • Alphabets and writing systems

      • Arabic script
      • Brahmic scripts
      • Braille
      • Chinese characters
      • Cuneiform
      • Cyrillic script
      • Devanagari
      • Egyptian hieroglyphs
      • Greek alphabet
      • Hangul
      • Japanese writing system
      • Latin script
      • Maya script
      • Morse code
      • Phoenician alphabet
      • Rosetta Stone
      • Rune

      • Specific languages

        • Indo-European languages

        • Armenian language
        • Greek language
        • Ancient Greek
        • Danish language
        • Dutch language
        • English language
        • English grammar
        • Old English
        • Middle English
        • Modern English
        • German language
        • Swedish language
        • Yiddish
        • French language
        • Italian language
        • Latin
        • Portuguese language
        • Romanian language
        • Spanish language
        • Czech language
        • Old Church Slavonic
        • Polish language
        • Russian language
        • Serbo-Croatian
        • Ukrainian language
        • Kurdish language
        • Pashto
        • Persian language
        • Assamese language
        • Bengali language
        • Hindustani language
        • Hindi
        • Urdu
        • Marathi language
        • Nepali language
        • Odia language
        • Pali
        • Sanskrit
        • Sindhi language
        • Sinhala language
        • Punjabi language
        • Gujarati language

        • Afroasiatic languages

        • Akkadian language
        • Amharic
        • Arabic
        • Classical Arabic
        • Egyptian Arabic
        • Aramaic
        • Berber languages
        • Egyptian language
        • Hebrew language
        • Hausa language
        • Oromo language
        • Somali language

        • Sino-Tibetan languages

        • Burmese language
        • Chinese language
        • Classical Chinese
        • Hakka Chinese
        • Mandarin Chinese
        • Sichuanese dialects
        • Wu Chinese
        • Yue Chinese
        • Min Chinese

        • Austronesian languages

        • Cebuano language
        • Indonesian language
        • Javanese language
        • Malagasy language
        • Malay language
        • Sundanese language
        • Tagalog language

        • Austro-Asiatic languages

        • Khmer language
        • Vietnamese language

        • Dravidian languages

        • Kannada
        • Malayalam
        • Tamil language
        • Telugu language

        • Niger–Congo languages

        • Fula language
        • Igbo language
        • Swahili language
        • Yoruba language

        • Turkic languages

        • Azerbaijani language
        • Kazakh language
        • Turkish language
        • Uzbek language

        • Other languages

        • Esperanto
        • Japanese language
        • Hungarian language
        • Korean language
        • Quechuan languages
        • Sumerian language
        • Thai language

    • Law

      • Basics

      • Law
      • Alternative dispute resolution
      • Appeal
      • Capital punishment
      • Constitution
      • Contract
      • Damages
      • Equity
      • Evidence
      • Forensic science
      • Impartiality
      • Injunction
      • Jurisprudence
      • Statutory interpretation
      • Justice
      • Lawsuit
      • Negligence
      • Presumption of innocence
      • Rights
      • Civil and political rights
      • Freedom of religion
      • Freedom of speech
      • Freedom of thought
      • Suffrage
      • Women's suffrage
      • Tort
      • Trial
      • Witness

      • Crime

      • Crime
      • Organized crime
      • Driving under the influence
      • Fraud
      • Human trafficking
      • Illegal drug trade
      • Kidnapping
      • Piracy
      • Smuggling
      • Theft
      • Robbery
      • Assault
      • Battery (crime)
      • Domestic violence
      • Homicide
      • Murder
      • Sexual assault
      • Rape
      • Torture

      • Institutions and professions

      • Court
      • Judge
      • Judiciary
      • Rule of law
      • Jury
      • Lawyer
      • Police
      • Security

      • Subjects

      • Administrative law
      • Civil law
      • Common law
      • Criminal law
      • Criminal procedure
      • Customary law
      • Intellectual property
      • Copyright
      • Patent
      • International law
      • Precedent
      • Property law
      • Inheritance
      • Will and testament
      • Religious law
      • Statute
      • Trust (law)

      • Specific documents

      • Code of Hammurabi
      • Corpus Juris Civilis
      • Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
      • Geneva Conventions
      • International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
      • International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
      • Magna Carta
      • Napoleonic Code
      • Nuremberg principles
      • Statute of Westminster 1931
      • Constitution of the United States
      • United States Declaration of Independence
      • Universal Declaration of Human Rights

    • Mass media

      • Mass media: General

      • Cartoon
      • Censorship
      • Journalism
      • Mass media
      • News
      • News media
      • Photojournalism
      • Propaganda
      • Public relations
      • Publishing
      • Western (genre)

      • Academic journals

      • Academic journal
      • Nature
      • Science

      • Magazines

      • Magazine
      • National Geographic
      • Playboy
      • Scientific American
      • Time
      • Vogue
      • Weekly Shōnen Jump

      • Newspapers

      • Newspaper
      • The Times
      • The New York Times
      • The Wall Street Journal
      • The Washington Post
      • Le Monde

      • Radio

      • The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (radio series)

      • Television

      • Documentary film
      • Emmy Awards
      • Game show
      • Reality television
      • Sitcom
      • Soap opera
      • Talk show
      • Television show
      • Doctor Who
      • Eurovision Song Contest
      • Meet the Press
      • Sesame Street
      • The Simpsons
      • Star Trek
      • Television broadcaster
      • BBC

    • Politics and government

      • Politics

      • Politics
      • Political science
      • Diplomacy
      • Diplomatic mission
      • International relations
      • Imperialism
      • Colonialism
      • Globalization
      • Civics
      • Citizenship
      • Civil liberties
      • Election
      • Opinion poll
      • Political campaign
      • Political party
      • Chinese Communist Party
      • Referendum
      • Nation
      • Revolution
      • Coup d'état
      • Riot
      • Cult of personality

      • Forms of government

      • Government
      • Democracy
      • Dictatorship
      • Monarchy
      • Absolute monarchy
      • Constitutional monarchy
      • Theocracy
      • Oligarchy
      • Republic

      • State structure and administration

      • State
      • City-state
      • Nation state
      • Unitary state
      • Federation
      • Federalism
      • Confederation
      • Empire
      • Welfare state
      • Welfare spending
      • Sovereignty
      • National security
      • Decentralization
      • Executive
      • Head of state
      • Legislature
      • Parliament
      • Public administration
      • Civil service
      • Public policy
      • Economic policy
      • Separation of powers

      • Ideology and political theory

      • Ideology
      • Political spectrum
      • Anarchism
      • Capitalism
      • Socialism
      • Communism
      • Marxism
      • Leninism
      • Fascism
      • Nazism
      • Liberalism
      • Libertarianism
      • Conservatism
      • Nationalism
      • Patriotism
      • Populism
      • Totalitarianism
      • Authoritarianism
      • Christian democracy
      • Social democracy
      • Green politics
      • Multiculturalism
      • Islamism

    • Psychology

    • psychological disorders

      • Basics

      • Psychology
      • Clinical psychology
      • Cognitive psychology
      • Developmental psychology
      • Personality psychology
      • Psychology of religion
      • Psychotherapy

      • Psychology schools

      • Analytical psychology
      • Behaviorism
      • Evolutionary psychology
      • Gestalt psychology
      • Humanistic psychology
      • Psychoanalysis

      • Interpersonal relations

      • Aggression
      • Altruism
      • Blame
      • Bullying
      • Charisma
      • Competition
      • Conformity
      • Empathy
      • Forgiveness
      • Honour
      • Lie
      • Privacy
      • Prejudice
      • Punishment
      • Respect
      • Shyness
      • Trust

      • Emotions and traits

      • Emotion
      • Agreeableness
      • Anger
      • Anxiety
      • Conscientiousness
      • Courage
      • Curiosity
      • Dignity
      • Disgust
      • Doubt
      • Embarrassment
      • Extraversion and introversion
      • Fear
      • Guilt (emotion)
      • Happiness
      • Hatred
      • Hope
      • Humour
      • Jealousy
      • Love
      • Lust
      • Neuroticism
      • Pleasure
      • Remorse
      • Sadness
      • Self-esteem
      • Shame
      • Surprise
      • Suffering

      • Concepts

      • Amnesia
      • Attention
      • Bias
      • Cognition
      • Cognitive development
      • Consciousness
      • Creativity
      • Dream
      • Human behavior
      • Human intelligence
      • Hypnosis
      • Imagination
      • Introspection
      • Memory
      • Mind
      • Mood
      • Motivation
      • Perception
      • Personality
      • Stereotype
      • Thought

    • Society

      • Basics

      • Society
      • Civil society
      • Institution
      • Social norm
      • Social order
      • Solidarity
      • Public

      • Groups

      • Club
      • Community
      • Gang
      • Organization
      • Non-governmental organization
      • Nonprofit organization
      • Trade union
      • Secret society
      • Social network
      • Support group
      • Tribe
      • Voluntary association

      • Services and institutions

      • Emergency management
      • Firefighting
      • Orphanage
      • Prison
      • Social work

      • Issues

      • Social issue
      • Abortion
      • Animal welfare
      • Child labour
      • Corruption
      • Deforestation
      • Disability
      • Environmentalism
      • Euthanasia
      • Famine
      • Homelessness
      • Human migration
      • Immigration
      • Human overpopulation
      • One-child policy
      • Humanitarianism
      • Pacifism
      • Peace
      • World peace
      • Pollution
      • Air pollution
      • Water pollution
      • Population ageing
      • Poverty
      • Social movement
      • Sustainable development
      • Violence

      • Social status

      • Economic inequality
      • Gender equality
      • Feminism
      • Women's rights
      • Human rights
      • Liberty
      • Social equality
      • Minority group
      • Political freedom
      • Race
      • Social stratification
      • Slavery

        • Caste

        • Caste
        • Caste system in India

        • Social classes

        • Social class
        • Clergy
        • Eunuch
        • Upper class
        • Middle class
        • Working class
        • Underclass
        • Peasant

        • Discrimination

        • Discrimination
        • Class discrimination
        • Homophobia
        • Racism
        • Sexism
        • Genocide denial

    • Sociology

    • Sociology
    • Criminology
    • Demography
    • Census
    • Etiquette
    • Generation
    • Nature versus nurture
    • Peer pressure
    • Power (social and political)
    • Social change
    • Industrialisation
    • Social control
    • Deviance
    • Social group
    • Identity
    • Social reality
    • Social research
    • Social theory
    • Socialization
    • Sociological theory
    • Structure and agency
    • Subculture

    • War and military

      • Basics

      • War
      • Casualty
      • Conscription
      • Desertion
      • Duel
      • Law of war
      • Militarism
      • Prisoner of war
      • Refugee
      • War crime
      • Genocide

      • Wars by type

      • Civil war
      • Counterinsurgency
      • Ethnic conflict
      • Insurgency
      • Invasion
      • Religious war

      • Warfare by type

      • Terrorism
      • Aerial warfare
      • Anti-aircraft warfare
      • Armoured warfare
      • Espionage
      • Naval warfare
      • Siege
      • Sniper
      • Trench warfare

      • Military

        • Basics

        • Military
        • Military education and training
        • Military–industrial complex
        • Military science
        • Military strategy
        • Military tactics

        • Military forces

        • Army
        • Cavalry
        • Infantry
        • Militia
        • Navy
        • Air force
        • Soldier
        • Military reserve

        • Military operations

        • Battle
        • Blockade
        • Military exercise
        • Peacekeeping

        • Military organization

        • Military organization
        • Staff (military)

        • Military ranks

        • Military rank
        • Officer

  • Technology

    • Technology: General

    • Technology
    • Invention

    • Agriculture

      • Basics

      • Agricultural science

      • Forms

      • Aquaculture
      • Beekeeping
      • Dairy
      • Gardening
      • Intensive farming
      • Orchard
      • Organic farming
      • Sustainable agriculture
      • Subsistence agriculture

      • Buildings and infrastructure

      • Garden
      • Farm
      • Barn
      • Stable
      • Silo
      • Granary

      • Animal husbandry

      • Animal husbandry
      • Domestication
      • Selective breeding
      • Breed
      • Livestock
      • Hay

      • Agronomy and horticulture

        • Basics

        • Agronomy
        • Horticulture
        • Plant breeding
        • Cultivar

        • Horticultural techniques

        • Fertilizer
        • Harvest
        • Irrigation
        • Pesticide
        • Tillage

    • Biotechnology

    • Biotechnology
    • Genetic engineering
    • Genetically modified organism
    • Cybernetics
    • Cloning
    • Gel electrophoresis
    • Polymerase chain reaction

    • Computing and information technology

      • Basics

      • Computing
      • Information technology
      • Abacus
      • Calculator
      • Computer security
      • Malware
      • Data
      • Data communication

      • Computer science

      • Computer science
      • Artificial intelligence
      • Computer architecture
      • Computer simulation
      • Parallel computing
      • Pixel

      • Computer hardware

      • Computer hardware
      • Computer
      • Mobile device
      • Smartphone
      • iPhone
      • Personal computer
      • Mac (computer)
      • Supercomputer
      • Central processing unit
      • ENIAC

      • Computer software

      • Computer program
      • Database
      • Open-source software
      • Software
      • Spreadsheet
      • Web browser
      • Word processor

      • Operating systems

      • Operating system
      • Android
      • Linux
      • Microsoft Windows
      • MS-DOS
      • Unix

      • User interface

      • User interface
      • Keyboard technology
      • Computer monitor
      • Mouse (computing)
      • Touchscreen

      • Cryptography

      • Cryptography
      • Authentication
      • Encryption

      • Data storage

      • Computer file
      • File system
      • Barcode
      • Data storage
      • Hard disk drive
      • Magnetic tape
      • Memory card
      • Optical disc
      • Punched card
      • Random-access memory
      • Read-only memory

      • Networks

      • Computer network
      • Email
      • Ethernet
      • Router
      • Wi-Fi

      • Internet

      • Internet
      • HTML
      • HTTP
      • Internet protocol suite
      • Search engine
      • Social media
      • Website
      • World Wide Web

      • Programming

      • Computer programming
      • Character encoding
      • Compiler
      • Programming language
      • Assembly language
      • C
      • Java (programming language)
      • JavaScript
      • Programming paradigm
      • Functional programming
      • Structured programming
      • Object-oriented programming

    • Electronics

      • Basics

      • Electronics
      • Consumer electronics
      • Sensor
      • Signal processing
      • Signal-to-noise ratio
      • Circuit design
      • Oscilloscope
      • Remote control

      • Components

      • Semiconductor device
      • Transistor
      • Diode
      • Light-emitting diode
      • Integrated circuit
      • Battery
      • Amplifier
      • Antenna
      • Capacitor
      • Cavity magnetron
      • Electrical connector
      • Filter
      • Inductor
      • Power supply
      • Printed circuit board
      • Resistor
      • Switch
      • Circuit breaker
      • Fuse
      • Relay
      • Transformer
      • Vacuum tube
      • Waveguide
      • Wire

    • Engineering

      • Basics

      • Engineering
      • Nanotechnology
      • Nuclear technology
      • Technical drawing

      • Disciplines

      • Civil engineering
      • Architectural engineering
      • Mechanical engineering
      • Aerospace engineering
      • Biomedical engineering
      • Chemical engineering
      • Electrical engineering
      • Industrial engineering
      • Military engineering
      • Software engineering

    • Industry

      • Basics

      • Factory
      • Assembly line
      • Automation
      • Industrial robot
      • Interchangeable parts
      • Mass production
      • Mechanization
      • Standardization
      • Waste
      • Landfill
      • Recycling
      • Waste management

      • Energy and fuel

      • Fire
      • Candle
      • Fuel
      • Biofuel
      • Charcoal
      • Fossil fuel
      • Coal
      • Natural gas
      • Petroleum
      • Gasoline
      • Kerosene
      • Oil refinery
      • Oil well
      • Nuclear power
      • Renewable energy
      • Geothermal power
      • Hydropower
      • Hydroelectricity
      • Watermill
      • Solar energy
      • Solar power
      • Solar cell
      • Wind power
      • Windmill

        • Electricity generation and distribution

        • Electric light
        • Incandescent light bulb
        • Electric power transmission
        • Electric power distribution
        • Electrical grid
        • Electric generator
        • Electricity generation
        • Power station
        • Turbine
        • Gas turbine
        • Steam turbine
        • Wind turbine
        • Cooling tower

      • Food, water and health

      • Bleach
      • Desalination
      • Detergent
      • Laundry
      • Pasteurization
      • Refrigeration
      • Sanitation
      • Sanitary sewer
      • Sewage treatment
      • Water purification
      • Soap
      • Water supply network
      • Aqueduct
      • Plumbing
      • Qanat
      • Pumping station
      • Water tower
      • Well

      • Material and chemical

      • Abrasive
      • Adhesive
      • Ceramic
      • Chemical plant
      • Composite material
      • Explosive
      • Dynamite
      • Fireworks
      • Glass
      • Natural rubber
      • Paper
      • Parchment
      • Papyrus
      • Petrochemical
      • Plastic
      • Pottery
      • Porcelain
      • Wood
      • Woodworking
      • Carpentry

      • Metallurgy

      • Metallurgy
      • Smelting
      • Metalworking
      • Die casting
      • Extrusion
      • Forging
      • Heat treating
      • Laser cutting
      • Rolling
      • Soldering
      • Steelmaking
      • Welding

    • Infrastructure

      • Basics

      • Infrastructure
      • Building

      • Building materials

      • Concrete
      • Masonry
      • Brick
      • Quarry
      • Cement
      • Lumber
      • Scaffolding

      • Infrastructure by type

        • Architectural elements

        • Arch
        • Ceiling
        • Column
        • Dome
        • Door
        • Elevator
        • Façade
        • Floor
        • Foundation
        • Ladder
        • Lighting
        • Roof
        • Room
        • Stairs
        • Wall
        • Window

        • Coastal infrastructure

        • Dock
        • Harbor
        • Lighthouse
        • Pier
        • Port

        • Ceremonial buildings

        • Pagoda
        • Pyramid

        • Commercial buildings

        • Office
        • Warehouse

        • Mixed-use buildings

        • Tower
        • Tower block
        • Skyscraper

        • Residential and housing units

        • Home
        • House
        • Apartment
        • Hut
        • Igloo
        • Palace
        • Tent
        • Villa
        • Hotel

        • Rooms and spaces

        • Bathroom
        • Bedroom
        • Garage
        • Kitchen
        • Sauna

        • Other components

        • Electrical wiring
        • Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning

        • Hydraulic infrastructure

        • Dam
        • Aswan Dam
        • Hoover Dam
        • Itaipu Dam
        • Three Gorges Dam
        • Drainage
        • Flood management
        • Flood control in the Netherlands
        • Levee
        • Reservoir

        • Transport infrastructure

        • Bridge
        • Akashi Kaikyo Bridge
        • Brooklyn Bridge
        • Golden Gate Bridge
        • Tower Bridge
        • Tunnel
        • Channel Tunnel

    • Machinery and tools

      • Basics

      • Machine
      • Crane (machine)
      • Engine
      • Electric motor
      • Internal combustion engine
      • Diesel engine
      • Four-stroke engine
      • Jet engine
      • Steam engine
      • Robotics
      • Robot
      • Simple machine
      • Inclined plane
      • Lever
      • Pulley
      • Screw mechanism
      • Wedge
      • Wheel
      • Wheel and axle
      • Siphon
      • System

      • Components

      • Axle
      • Bearing
      • Clutch
      • Gear
      • Electrical cable
      • Chain
      • Rope
      • Fastener
      • Knot
      • Nail (fastener)
      • Nut (hardware)
      • Rivet
      • Washer
      • Lock and key
      • Pipe
      • Valve
      • Spring (device)

      • Tools

        • Tools: General

        • Tool
        • Container

        • Measuring instruments

        • Instrumentation
        • Barometer
        • Calipers
        • Photometer
        • Ruler
        • Spectrometer
        • Thermometer

        • Artist's tools

        • Ink
        • Modelling clay
        • Paint
        • Brush
        • Pastel
        • Pencil
        • Pigment
        • Pen

        • Hand tools

        • Axe
        • Chisel
        • Clamp
        • Drilling
        • Hammer
        • Plane (tool)
        • Saw
        • Scissors

        • Agricultural tools

        • Archimedes' screw
        • Harrow (tool)
        • Hoe (tool)
        • Machete
        • Plough
        • Rake (tool)
        • Sickle
        • Shovel
        • Wheelbarrow

      • Machinery

        • Farm and garden machinery

        • Chainsaw
        • Combine harvester
        • Cotton gin
        • Cultivator
        • Irrigation sprinkler
        • Lawn mower

        • Household appliances

        • Home appliance
        • Air conditioning
        • Clothes dryer
        • Dishwasher
        • Furnace (central heating)
        • Ironing
        • Microwave oven
        • Oven
        • Refrigerator
        • Sewing machine
        • Sink
        • Stove
        • Toilet
        • Vacuum cleaner
        • Washing machine

        • Industrial machinery

        • Centrifuge
        • Lathe
        • Loom
        • Machine press
        • Potter's wheel

    • Media and communication

    • Media (communication)
    • Broadcasting
    • Cathode-ray tube
    • Communications satellite
    • Flat-panel display
    • Liquid-crystal display
    • Image
    • Image scanner
    • Mail
    • Postage stamp
    • Mobile phone
    • Printing
    • Book
    • Scroll
    • Photocopier
    • Printer
    • Printing press
    • Radio
    • Amateur radio
    • Radio broadcasting
    • Sound recording and reproduction
    • Loudspeaker
    • Microphone
    • Speech synthesis
    • Telecommunications
    • Modulation
    • Telegraphy
    • Telephone
    • Television
    • Cable television
    • Satellite television
    • Text messaging
    • Typewriter
    • Video
    • Video camera

    • Medical technology

      • Devices

      • Artificial organ
      • Dentures
      • Prosthesis
      • Stethoscope
      • Wheelchair

      • Equipment

      • Bandage
      • Syringe

      • Techniques

      • Cardiopulmonary bypass

      • Diagnostic technologies

      • DNA profiling
      • Electrocardiography
      • Endoscopy

      • Transport

      • Ambulance

      • Imaging

      • Medical imaging
      • Magnetic resonance imaging
      • Medical ultrasonography
      • Radiography

    • Military technology

      • Military technology: General

      • Weapon
      • Tank
      • Military technology
      • Horses in warfare
      • Chariot
      • Stealth technology
      • War elephant

      • Ammunition

      • Ammunition
      • Gunpowder

      • Armour

      • Armour
      • Bulletproof vest
      • Helmet
      • Chain mail
      • Plate armour
      • Shield

      • Explosive weapons

      • Bomb
      • Cluster munition
      • Improvised explosive device
      • Grenade
      • Land mine
      • Missile

      • Fortification

      • Fortification
      • Castle
      • Defensive wall

      • Incendiary weapons

      • Napalm

      • Melee weapons

      • Knife
      • Dagger
      • Sword
      • Katana
      • Rapier
      • Battle axe
      • Bayonet
      • Club (weapon)
      • Spear

      • Military aviation

      • Military aircraft
      • Attack aircraft
      • Bomber
      • Fighter aircraft

      • Naval warfare

      • Aircraft carrier
      • Battleship
      • Galley
      • Naval mine
      • Ship of the line
      • Submarine
      • Torpedo
      • Warship

      • Projectile weapons

      • Boomerang
      • Bow and arrow
      • Crossbow
      • Firearm
      • Rifle
      • Assault rifle
      • Handgun
      • Machine gun
      • Musket
      • Shotgun
      • Sling

      • Artillery and siege

      • Artillery
      • Ballista
      • Battering ram
      • Cannon
      • Catapult
      • Mortar

      • Weapons of mass destruction

      • Weapon of mass destruction
      • Biological warfare
      • Chemical weapon
      • Nuclear weapon
      • Thermonuclear weapon

    • Navigation and timekeeping

      • Timekeeping

      • Calendar
      • Chinese calendar
      • Gregorian calendar
      • Islamic calendar
      • Julian calendar
      • Leap year
      • Coordinated Universal Time
      • Clock
      • Watch
      • Atomic clock
      • Pendulum
      • Sundial
      • Time zone
      • Daylight saving time

      • Navigation

      • Cartography
      • Map
      • Navigation
      • Compass
      • Cardinal direction
      • Celestial navigation
      • Sextant
      • Dead reckoning
      • Gyroscope
      • Satellite navigation
      • Global Positioning System
      • Radar
      • Sonar

    • Optical technology

      • Basics

      • Laser
      • Holography
      • Optical fiber

      • Optics

      • Lens
      • Anti-reflective coating
      • Diffraction grating
      • Mirror
      • Polarizer
      • Prism (optics)

      • Optical instruments

      • Microscope
      • Electron microscope
      • Optical microscope
      • Telescope
      • Optical telescope
      • Radio telescope
      • Theodolite
      • Camera
      • Photography
      • Digital photography
      • Fine-art photography
      • Photographic film
      • Glasses
      • Binoculars
      • Charge-coupled device
      • Interferometry

    • Space

      • Basics

      • Space exploration
      • Exploration of Mars
      • Spaceflight
      • Spacecraft
      • Rocket
      • Launch vehicle
      • Rocket engine
      • Satellite
      • Space station
      • Astronaut

      • Programs and launch sites

      • NASA
      • Apollo program
      • Kennedy Space Center
      • Voyager program
      • Soviet space program
      • Baikonur Cosmodrome
      • Roscosmos
      • European Space Agency
      • China National Space Administration

      • Crewed spacecraft

      • International Space Station
      • Mir
      • Space Shuttle
      • Saturn V
      • Soyuz (spacecraft)

      • Uncrewed spacecraft

      • Hubble Space Telescope
      • Sputnik 1

      • Ground-based observatories

      • Atacama Large Millimeter Array
      • Mauna Kea Observatories

    • Textiles

      • Fabrics and fibers

      • Textile
      • Canvas
      • Cotton
      • Felt
      • Fiber
      • Lace
      • Leather
      • Linen
      • Silk
      • Thread
      • Wool
      • Yarn

      • Techniques

      • Basket weaving
      • Crochet
      • Dyeing
      • Dye
      • Embroidery
      • Hand spinning
      • Knitting
      • Quilting
      • Sewing
      • Tapestry
      • Weaving

    • Transportation

      • Basics

      • Transport
      • Public transport
      • Travel
      • Freight transport
      • Cargo
      • Passport
      • Vehicle

      • Road transport

      • Road transport
      • Road
      • Highway
      • Controlled-access highway
      • Trail
      • Car
      • Bicycle
      • Cycling
      • Bus
      • Motorcycle
      • Rickshaw
      • Truck
      • Taxi
      • Van
      • Driving
      • Parking
      • Tire
      • Filling station
      • Traffic collision

      • Animal-powered transport

      • Carriage
      • Cart
      • Saddle

      • Trains

      • Train
      • Locomotive
      • Steam locomotive
      • Train station
      • Rail transport
      • Railway track
      • Rapid transit
      • London Underground
      • New York City Subway
      • High-speed rail
      • Shinkansen
      • Monorail
      • Tram
      • Trans-Siberian Railway

      • Aviation

      • Aircraft
      • Aviation
      • Air traffic control
      • Aircraft engine
      • Airline
      • Airplane
      • Airport
      • Airship
      • Balloon (aeronautics)
      • Hot air balloon
      • Fixed-wing aircraft
      • Glider
      • Helicopter
      • Jet aircraft
      • Parachute
      • Unmanned aerial vehicle
      • Wing

      • Maritime transport

      • Maritime transport
      • Ship
      • Canal
      • Lock (water navigation)
      • Barge
      • Boat
      • Canoe
      • Cargo ship
      • Ferry
      • Fishing vessel
      • Hovercraft
      • Merchant ship
      • Passenger ship
      • Riverboat
      • Sailing
      • Sail
      • Sailing ship
      • Shipbuilding
      • Steamboat
      • Tanker

      • Other

      • Cable transport
      • Baby transport
      • Pipeline
      • Tractor